H10 I. Sentence Completion题型解题技巧 i. 可以看作是小型的summary题型，做法与summary基本一致，题目之间有顺序性，先划出定位词，然
后预测空格的答案，回原文定位并找出答案； ii. 选择式Sentence Completion题型，在讲解的时候教师可提醒学员之前学过的Matching题型中长句子
搭配题型的做法，两者不要把解题方法记混了，matching题目之间是无顺序的而sentence completion是有顺序的；
iii. 补充信息：①题目要求所填写的字数一般不超过4个；②从概率上说，所填写的部分多为名词性短语，少
数是形容词以及副词短语；③此题型一般为一篇文章的第二或者第三道大题，与前面的题型一般也也构成顺序性，即：sentence completion题型的第一题在原文的位置很可能是上一大题最后一题之后.
II. 真题操练一：Cambridge 7, Test 4, Passage 2, ‘Endless Harvest’, Questions 21-26
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-K, below. Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet. 21. In Alaska, biologists keep a check on adult fish 22. Biologists have the authority
23. In-Season Abundance-Based Management has allowed the Alaska salmon fisheries 24. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) was established
25. As a result of the collapse of the salmon runs in 1999, the state decided 26. In September 2000, the MSC allowed seven Alaska salmon companies
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. to recognize fisheries that care for the environment. to be successful. to stop fish from spawning. to set up environmental protection laws. to stop people fishing for sport. to label their products using the MSC logo. to ensure that fish numbers are sufficient to permit fishing. to assist the subsistence communities in the region. to freeze a huge number of salmon eggs. to deny certification to the Alaska fisheries. to close down all fisheries. 步骤 i. 审题，此题为选择式完成句子题型，由于该题目有顺序性，因此利用题目定位，划出题目定位词；处理选项； ii. 根据雅思一贯的出题风格，此题型的第一题很可能是在上一题型最后一题之后，因此从倒数第五段开始搜索，
同时观察题目，可以先从23题开始做，因为它的定位词In-Season Abundance Based Management要比21，22题更醒目，因此先从23题开始做，定位至倒数第五段开头；
iii. 做完第23题之后，可以初步确定整个题型的覆盖面积，可以依次往后做，最后回头做21，22题。 解析
23. 定位至倒数第五段，仔细阅读至倒数第三行：...It is this management mechanism that has allowed Alaska
salmon stocks-and, accordingly, Alaska salmon fisheries-to prospect, even as salmon population in
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the rest of the United States are increasingly considered threatened or even endangered. 因此选择B，to prospect即为选项中的to be successful的同义转述。 24. 定位至倒数第四段开头：...In 1999, the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) commissioned a review of the
Alaska salmon fishery. The Council, which was founded in 1996, certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards, enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility...因此选择A，recognize是certifies的同义转述，care for the environment是meet high environmental standards的同义转述。
25. 做完24题后，知道倒数第四段虽然时间是1999但去没有涉及25题，因此继续向下定位至倒数第二
段：...However, the state reacted quickly, closing down all fisheries, even those necessary for subsistence purposes. 因此选择K。
26. 定位至最后一段：In September 2000, MSC announced that the Alaska salmon fisheries qualified for
certification. Seven companies producing Alaska salmon were immediately granted permission to display the MSC logo on the products...因此选择F。
21 & 22：两道题都是问biologists的行为的，而且做完第23题后，可以判断答案应该在倒数第五段的中上部分，
进行仔细阅读，...There are biologists throughout the state constantly monitoring adult fish as they show up to spawn...其中monitor相当于题目中的keep a check，因此21题答案是G，ensure that fish numbers are sufficient即为monitoring adult fish as they show up to spawn。
...The fishermen known the approximate time of year when they will be allowed to fish, but on any given day, one or more biologists in a particular area can put a halt to fishing. Even sport fishing can
be brought to a halt...此句是描述biologists有权停止捕鱼行为的，哪怕是体育赛事。因此选择E。
III. 真题操练二：Cambridge 8, Test 3, Passage 1, ‘Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers’, Questions 4-6
Questions 4-6 Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet. 4. 5. 6. 步骤 i. ii. iii.
审题，此题为填空式完成句子题型限制2个单词以内，由于该题目有顺序性，因此利用题目定位，划出题目定位词；处理选项；
根据雅思一贯的出题风格，此题型的第一题很可能是在上一题型最后一题之后，因此从上一题型Multiple Choice的最后一题在原文的出题处开始搜索，即第3段的倒数第7行； 根据题文同序的特点，依次做后面的题目。
EPRI receives financial support from.................... .
The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used.................... . The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its .................... .
解析
4. 带着定位词EPRI和回到原文第3段倒数第7行开始搜定定位至：...EPRI, which is funded by power
companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States’ power grid from lightning strikes...其中，EPRI没有发生同义替换，题目中的financial support被替换成了be funded by，预测该空格应该是某个人或者机构，名词，因此可以找到原文中的power companies为此题答案；
5. 利用定位词advantage和Diels从第四题在原文的出题点后开始搜索定位至第5段第2行：...Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use
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lasers to discharge lightning safely-and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk...题目要寻找的是Diels开发出的技术优势，根据语法可以预测为一个副词，因此safely为答案。
6. 带着main difficulty和laser equipment进行定位，两个词组其实定位意义不大，因为都不是低频率词汇，但是如果学员能够注意到文章中是被分为三个部分，其中第二部分和第三部分被赋予两个小标题，分别是Bad Behavior和A Stumbling Block，结合小标题的提示，学员应该在第三部分开始搜索第6题的答案，定位至倒数第四段第一行：However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing...因此由原文可知目前最重要的问题是size问题，空格内预测为名词，因此size 为正确答案。
IV. Short-Answer Questions解题技巧
Short-Answer Questions可以看作是在出题形式上更加象主观题的Sentence Completion题型，均以特殊疑问词开始，因此学员需要根据特殊疑问词以及其他信息预测答案，此题型在其他方面，例如：题文同序特点，与Sentence Completion区别不大，因此做法可依照Sentence Completion。
V. 真题操练一：Cambridge 4, Test 1, Passage 2, ‘What Do Whales Feel?’, Questions 22-26
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 步骤 i. ii.
审题确认题型以及限制的字数，划出特殊疑问词（红色部分）并预测答案，划出定位词(绿色部分); 根据题文同序的特点，开始着手做题。
Which of the senses is described there as being involved in mating? Which species swims upside down while eating?
What can bottlenose dolphins follow from under the water? Which type of habitat is related to good visual ability? Which of senses is best developed in cetaceans?
解析
22. 根据特殊疑问词Which...senses可以预测，本题的答案为文中讨论的感官中的一种，利用mating回到原文中
进行定位至第二段第六行：...This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species...其中的courtship即为mating的同义转换，而这里的this contact即为此段开头论述的the sense of touch, 因此答案填写touch或sense of touch均可； 23. 根据特殊疑问词What species,因此答案预测为一种鲸鱼的名称或种类，利用upside down和while eating
回到原文中定位，遵循题文同序规则，定位至第四段第三行：...Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that ...原文中的while feeding被题目同义替换成了while eating, upside down没有进行任何同义替换，因此答案为freshwater dolphin(s)或the freshwater dolphin(s)均可；
24. 利用特殊疑问词What...follow可以预测答案是bottlenose dolphins在水下跟随的东西或其他生物，利用
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bottlenose和under the water同时遵循题文同序的特点定位至第四段第五行：...By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently...其中原文中的in water相当于题目中的under the water,而tracks相当于题目中的follow，因此题目答案为airborne flying fish;
25. 根据特殊疑问词What...habitat可以预测答案为栖息地的类型名称，带着habitat和visual ability遵循题文
同序的特点定位至第五段：...Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rives and flooded plains...题目中的habitat没有任何同义替换，visual ability相当于vision,因此通过分析比较级，本题答案为clear open water(s)或open water(s)；
26. 本题与22题一样，答案应该是讨论的感官中的一种，带着定位词best和cetaceans回到原文定位至最后一
段第三行：...Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weakness are more than compensated for by cetaceans’
well-developed acoustic sense...题目中的best需要分析原文才能得出是acoustic sense,既然sense of taste和smell都是deteriorated的，而vision又不确定，因此在这几种senses中，自然是acoustic sense是最好的，因为只有它是well-developed的,因此答案为acoustic sense或the acoustic sense。
VI. 真题操练二：Cambridge 6, Test 1, Passage 1, ‘Australia’s Sporting Success’, Questions 12 & 13
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet. 12. 13. 步骤 i.
审题确认题型以及限制的字数，划出特殊疑问词（红色部分）并预测答案，划出定位词(绿色部分); 鉴于此题中的两个题目，第13题目的定位比12要明显因此可以建议学员先做13然后按照题文同序再向上寻找12题的答案；
根据题文同序的特点，开始着手做题。
What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
ii. 解析
13. 特殊疑问词By how much暗示答案为数字增长值，因为是此篇文章的最后一组题目，因此可以从文章末尾向
上搜索，利用1996 Olympic Games回到原文定位至F段第二行：...At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two percent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times...因此(by) 2 percent或(by) 2%均为正确答案；
12. 带着plan和event向上搜索至E段第一行：...Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches
start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be
the winning times...原文中表示预期，计划的prepare和expect实际是题目中的plan的同义替换，因此正确答案为(a)competition model。
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H11 I. 复习雅思阅读文章常见结构 科学：生物/建筑/医疗保健/自然环境/化学/其他 现象
雅思阅读（说明文+夹叙夹议） 人文：语言文化/历史文明/城市交通/语言/教育学习/经济管理/
其他
实验 现象类文章典型的结构：
引入要说明或探讨的现象（注意：通常会提到人们对此现象之前的认识或者局限展开批驳和分析）； 开始分析现象，按照一定的逻辑展开文章 ? 时间顺序 ? 并列顺序 ? 递进顺序 ? 其他逻辑顺序 结论或对未来的展望
实验类文章典型结构：
背景介绍（实验或者项目的原因） 实验或项目的细节 ? 设计或参与人员 ? 实验对象
? 实验器材，原理，步骤
实验结构（注意：在陈述实际结果前可能会先交代预期结果，然后将预期和实际结果做比较和分析） 未来的启示和展望
II. List of Headings解题技巧 i. 审题：观察题目中是否已经提供了例子，如果有需要在选项中将该答案划去并且在相应段落做记号，以免
重复做题； ii. 处理剩余选项，简化信息；需要划出的必要信息有：①如果选项中有重复成分，则着眼于差异部分；②时
间，地点，程度等限定性形容词和副词，例如： first, local, best; always, never；③因果，对比。时间关系的动词，例如: cause, compare, remain; ④各种否定意义表达，例如objection; ⑤大写/专有名词以及生僻词汇；⑥如果没有以上词汇，划出定位词（介词后名词为先）；
iii. 利用’中心句法’和’简易法’做题： Short Cuts 中心句法 简易法 中心句法的核心就是在每一个段落中找出3句备选中心句，从这些句子中提取核心信息和词组，再回到选项中选择出与之相匹配的答案。 首先，哪些句子可能是备选中心句呢？ ? 首句（50%） ? 第二句（20%） ? 末句（20%） 因此在做题时，首先阅读段落首句第二句和末句，一般来说中心句肯定是这三句中的一句；但是如果难度使用该方法的两种情况： 1. 没有中心句的段落； 2. 确定中心句后仍无法与选项相对应，利用简易法阅读剩余部分； 3. 反复出现的单词的概念是段落的1. 反复出现的是标题； 2. 同义词替换的是标题； 3. 转折后面是中心句； 4. 定义句型是中心句。 5. 出现problem, effects/impacts，以及changes的句子基本上是中心句，而且标题中会出现这些词汇或者他们的同义词。 如果在一篇文章的末尾部分，这三个或40 | Page