年产5万吨环氧乙烷工艺设计
Process design of ethylene oxide with annual
output of 50kt
目 录
摘要： ................................................................................................................................... I Abstract: ......................................................................................................................... II 引 言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 工艺概述 ............................................................................................................ 2
1.1 环氧乙烷的性质 ...................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 环氧乙烷的物理性质 ........................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 环氧乙烷的化学性质 ........................................................................................... 2 1.2 环氧乙烷在国民经济中的地位和作用 .................................................................. 2 1.3 环氧乙烷在国内外的发展动向 .............................................................................. 3 1.3.1 生产技术 ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 技术发展动向 ....................................................................................................... 3 1.4 环氧乙烷的市场需求状况 ...................................................................................... 4 1.5 生产方法的评述及选择 .......................................................................................... 4 1.5.1 氯醇法 ................................................................................................................... 4 1.5.2 直接氧化法 ........................................................................................................... 4 1.6 环氧乙烷的生产原理 .............................................................................................. 5 1.6.1 氧化反应原理 ....................................................................................................... 5 1.6.2二氧化碳脱除原理 ................................................................................................ 6 1.7 设计方案简介 .......................................................................................................... 6
1.8 生产中注意事项 .................................................................................................... 10
第二章 物料衡算 .......................................................................................................... 11
2.1 物性数据 ................................................................................................................ 11 2.2设计依据 ................................................................................................................. 11 2.3 循环系统的物料衡算 ............................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 计算依据 ............................................................................................................. 12 2.3.2混合器 .................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 反应器 ................................................................................................................. 16
第三章 热量衡算 .......................................................................................................... 19
3.1 反应器的热量衡算 ................................................................................................ 19
第四章 设备计算 .......................................................................................................... 24
4.1 反应器设备计算 .................................................................................................... 24 4.2 确定氧化反应器的基本尺寸 ................................................................................ 24 4.3 床层压力降的计算 ................................................................................................ 25 4.4 传热面积的核算 .................................................................................................... 26 4.5 反应器塔径的确定 ................................................................................................ 26 4.6 环氧乙烷吸收塔的确定 ...................................................................................... 27 4.7 CO2吸收塔的确定 .............................................................................................. 27
结 论 ............................................................................................................................... 28 致 谢 ............................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................... 29 附 录 ................................................................................................................................. 31
附录A 工艺流程图 ...................................................................................................... 31 附录B 设备图 .............................................................................................................. 31
年产5万吨环氧乙烷工艺设计
摘要：本文是对年产5万吨环氧乙烷合成工段的工艺设计。本设计简单介绍了环氧乙烷在国民经济中的地位和作用、性质、主要用途、生产现状、工业生产方法和发展趋势，认真比较众多生产方法并确定了用乙烯氧气直接氧化法生产环氧乙烷的方法，并叙述了生产原理、工艺流程。对主要设备如混合器、反应器等进行物料衡算，对环氧乙烷反应器设备进行热量衡算，并对环氧乙烷反应器进行详细的设备计算和校核，确定操作参数、设备类型，使用CAD绘制相应的工艺流程图，最后得出设备参数。 关键词：环氧乙烷； 工艺流程； 反应器； 物料衡算
I
Process design of ethylene oxide with annual
output of 50kt
Abstract: The process of ethylene oxide with annual output of 50000 tons was designed in this paper. The process design of this essay introduced the epoxy ethane's properties, main uses, production situation, and point out the position and role of the epoxy ethane in national economy environment, in the main while it is analysis the industrial production method and development trend of epoxy ethane in the future. In this essay it is carefully compare many production methods and finally to choose the oxygen direct oxidation process method in the production of epoxy ethane with ethylene. And it is also describes the production principle and the production process. The material balance carries on the main equipment such as mixer, reactor and so on.Then carry on the heat balance of epoxy ethane reactor equipment. And make the detailed calculating and checking of the epoxy ethane reactor equipment. Then make sure the operating parameters, decide the equipment type, and use of CAD drawing of the corresponding process flow diagram, at last to obtain the device parameters .
Key words : epoxyethane; process; reactor; material balance
II
引 言
环氧乙烷是石油化学工业的重要产品，也是一种基本有机化工原料，用途很多，广泛用于生产乙二醇、非离子表面活性剂、乙醇胺、乙二醇醚溶剂、医药中间体、油田化学品、农药乳化剂等各种精细化学品。
环氧乙烷的工业化生产已经有半个多世纪的历史，最早的工业化生产方法是氯醇法，由于其存在腐蚀设备、污染环境和耗氯量大等一系列问题，现在己基本上被淘汰了，取而代之的是直接氧化法。直接氧化法又分为空气氧化法和氧气氧化法，其主要区别在于乙烯的氧化剂各不相同。
在环氧乙烷的生产发展过程中，生产技术和工艺过程都有不断的改进和革新，到目前为止，世界上几乎所有的环氧乙烷都是用乙烯直接 氧化法生产的。直接氧化法中，首先出现的是空气氧化法，而后氧气氧化法问世，二者并行，近几十年来，许多厂家都采用氧气氧化法生产环氧乙烷，因为氧气氧化法不需要空气净化系统，并且氧气氧化法的环氧乙烷收率高于空气氧化法，乙烯单耗较低。由于用纯氧作氧化剂，连续引入系统的惰性气体大为减少，未反应的乙烯基本上可完全循环使用[1]。
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