D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.
Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major
contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior?
A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country
B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries
C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations
E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal power stations
C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; attitudes B) emotions; attitude C) attitudes; behavior
D) thought processes; moods E) conduct; feelings C) attitudes; behavior
Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an
environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that one team member, Janice Kenneth, has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project?
A) How do you like your job on the whole?
B) Do you like the work culture in the organization?
C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?
C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the
following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong?
A) The affective component of the attitude is weak.
B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude.
C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values.
D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person.
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships?
A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors.
C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about.
D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience.
E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.
A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance
C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion A) high job involvement
________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A) Job satisfaction B) Job design
C) Positivity offset
D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing
A) Job satisfaction
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude?
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization.
C) I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential.
D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment.
E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement?
A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.
C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy.
D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer.
E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.
B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.
High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset
C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance
C) organizational citizenship
Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is termed as
________.
A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent
C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action
A) psychological empowerment
The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________. A) emotional contagion B) job involvement C) job stability
D) emotional dissonance E) direct action B) job involvement
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's
decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described?
A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction
C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion B) low job satisfaction
Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the
management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup
organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation?
A) Ben felt the hike was unwarranted.
B) Ben, though highly skilled, lacked ambition.
C) Ben was motivated by the prospect of extrinsic rewards. D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.
E) Ben was gunning for a position at the competing firm all along.
D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.
Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment?
A) Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members?
B) Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need?
C) Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges?
D) Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity?
E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together
C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to his/her job
D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices
E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly
A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment?
A) I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all.
B) I enjoy working for Healthy Eating because of the growth prospects that it offers and the wide range of responsibilities