安 徽 建 筑 大 学
专 业 班 级
学生姓名 学 号
课 题 指导教师
毕 业 设 计
化学工程与工艺 09化工（1）班
贾 广 玖 09206040107
2万吨/年醋酸乙烯工艺设计
——合成工段及反应器设计
陈 广 美
2012年6月 12日
2万吨/年醋酸乙烯工艺设计——合成工段及反应器设计
摘 要
醋酸乙烯是一种重要的有机化工原料，主要用来生产聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯及缩醛树脂类衍生物。这些衍生物具有广泛的用途，可用于涂料、浆料、粘合剂、轻工、建筑等化工产品。设计采用电石乙炔法合成年产量为2万吨的醋酸乙烯。简介了合成工艺，分析影响合成醋酸乙烯的主要因素。用Aspen plus软件进行合成工段的生产流程模拟，对合成段作物料衡算，热量衡算，并对锥形流化床反应器进行设计。用Auto CAD软件绘制PFD图、PID图、流化床反应器图、±0.00平面设备布置图，并分别绘制出手工图。整个设计过程在参考前人设计总结出的经验基础之上，运用自己所学的知识，结合化工实际生产过程，使设计更为全面和真实。 关键词：醋酸乙烯；合成；工艺；流化床反应器
I
安徽建筑大学本科生毕业设计
Abstract
Acetate ethylene is an important organic chemical raw materials. It is mainly used to produce PVC, PVA, polyvinyl acetate and acetals colophony kind derivatives. These derivatives with wide uses and can be used for coatings, pulp, adhesives, light industry, architecture and other related chemical products. This design is to adopt calcium carbide
acetylene method synthesis for 10,000 tons of ethylene acetate annually. It introduced the
synthetic process and analysis the main factors influencing the synthesis of vinyl acetate. Software of Aspen plus is used to synthesis section production process simulation, of synthetic period of material balance, heat balance and I designed the conical fluidized bed reactor. Using Auto CAD software map PFD, PID figure, fluidized bed reactor, plus or minus 0.00 plane layout of equipment, and draw diagram by hand.The whole design process in reference to previous design experience summarized based on the actual production process, use my learned knowledge, combined with chemical, make a design more comprehensive and true.
Keywords: vinyl acetate; synthesis; craft; fluid bed reactor
II
2万吨/年醋酸乙烯工艺设计——合成工段及反应器设计
目 录
摘 要 ................................................................................................................ I Abstract .............................................................................................................II 目 录 ............................................................................................................... III 第一章 综 述 ............................................................................................... 1
1 .1 醋酸乙烯的性质和用途 ..................................................................... 1
1.1.1 醋酸乙烯的性质 .............................................................................. 1 1.1.2 醋酸乙烯的用途 .............................................................................. 1
1.2 国内外的市场情况和发展趋势 .......................................................... 2
1.2.1 醋酸乙烯的国内生产现状 ................................................................ 2 1.2.2 醋酸乙烯的国内市场前景 ................................................................ 4 1.2.3 醋酸乙烯的国外生产现状 ................................................................ 4 1.2.4 醋酸乙烯的国外市场前景 ................................................................ 5
1.3 目前主要的醋酸乙烯生产方法 .......................................................... 5
1.3.1 乙炔液相法 ..................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 乙炔气相法 ..................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 乙烯液相法 ..................................................................................... 6 1.3.4 乙烯气相法 ..................................................................................... 6 1.3.5 其它方法 ......................................................................................... 7
第二章 醋酸乙烯合成工艺简介 ..................................................................... 9
2.1 醋酸乙烯的生产流程 .......................................................................... 9
III