一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。 Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】 直接宾语与间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”
（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。 give sb. sth./give sth to sb
间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言)或 for(为……而做)。可以翻译为
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“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to 与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife. 与for 相连的 buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you . make a cake for you find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙 I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；excited adj. 兴奋的 -ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到 An exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩 I am excited.
excite v. 激动 （这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……） The news excited me.
interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的 interesting man
The man is interesting. interest v. 对……感兴趣
The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣 ★receive v. 接受, 收到 ① vt. 接到，收到，得到
When did you receive that letter? ② vt. 招待，接待
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. receive 是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。 receive/have a letter from sb. accept 同意接收
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it. take则是主动的“拿”、“取”
I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到
take the exam 接受考试； take advice 接受建议 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司 ★different adj. 不同的 ① adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与 from连用）
We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。 My room is different from yours. ② adj. 各种各样的，不同的
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This department store sells a large number of different things. 这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。 ★abroad adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用）
go abroad 去国外 live abroad 国外定居 study abroad 国外学习
【课文讲解】
1、I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。
在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
2、He has been there for six months. one month；two months 注意读音
I have arrived in Beijing. （arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用） has been + in 地点
He has been in Beijing for one year. He has been in America for tow years.
3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
work for 在……上班/任职，强调work I am working for a school.
work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班） I am working in the New Oriental school. work at 上班
She works at a department store.
a number of后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常 number前有great，large，good，small，certain等形容
词，数量大小也随之改变。a great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of； A large/great number of our students are Danish.
There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词 I have a lot of friends
I have a great number of friends.
4、He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone to 去了某地没回来
has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方 Have you been to Paris?
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5、From there, he will fly to Perth. from there:从那地方起
from 即可以加时间又可以加地点 from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing
fly to Perth = go to Perth by air
6、My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.
before在句子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志 find作“发现”、“ 发 觉 ” 讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。
find +宾语+形容词做宾补 find the room clean find her happy
be finding在口语中经常使用 I'm finding... . . We?re finding... ...
下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire
【Key structures】 现在完成
现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副
词短语：before (now)（以前）；it?s the first tiem（第一次）；so for（到目前为止）；so far this morning（到上 午为止）；up to now（直到现在）；up to the present（直到目前）；just（刚刚）；recently（最近）；already（已 经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；for 一段时间；since+时间；still（还；仍）；at last（终于）；finally（最 终）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。 I?ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.
I have lived here for several years now and I?ve made many new friends since I have lived here.
现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作，如 often（经常），frequently（屡次）， three times（三次）等。
I?ve watched him on TV several times.
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Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
★pigeon n. 鸽子
It's not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不关我的事。 ★message n. （口头或书面的）信息 Here is a message for you from your sister. an oral/written message 口信/便条 leave sb. a message 给……留便条 I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信
Can I take a message for you? 我能替你捎个口信吗? Can you take a message for me? 你能替我捎个口信吗? take a message to sb. 给某人口信 打电话 :
Hello!--?May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom? --?Can you take a message for me? information n. 信息（不可数） messenger n. 送信人，信使 ★cover v. 越过；覆盖 ① vt. 盖，覆盖
Snow covered the whole village.
She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。 ② vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态） cover+距离 越过……
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes. ③ n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子 Put a cover on the box! ★distance n. 距离 keep distance 保持距离 distant adj.远距离的 Can I share this table? Can I join you?
importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的 difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的 ★request n. 要求, 请求 ① n. request for 对……有请求, 有需求
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She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里请求帮助。 ② v. 要求, 请求
request sb.to do sth. ＝ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做…… require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
You are required/asked to do sth. （对人要求习惯用被动语态） ★spare adj. 备用的 ① vt. 抽出（时间等），让给
Have you got five minutes to spare? I cannot spare the time. I have no time to spare. ② vt. 饶恕，赦免
The robbers spared his life.
?Share me!?begged the prisoner. ③ adj. 多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的 You can sleep in the spare bedroom.
Where can I get spare parts for this machine? I have no spare time now.
?Have you any old clothes that you do not want?? he asked. =?Have you any old clothes to spare??he asked. ★service n. 业务, 服务
service 作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。
The service in that hotel is quite good. You have done me a great service.
service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：the mail service（邮政业务）、the telephone service