最新高三英语一轮复习语法专题突破试题汇总(附答案 共128页)(4)

2019-08-01 22:55

children to do this or that. important→importance [再解读要点]

名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“动词+名词+介词”和“介词+名词”。常考的高频短语: 1.介词+名词 with patience耐心地 at a loss不知所措 in favor of支持, 赞成 beyond recognition无法辨认 in great demand需求量很大 2.动词+名词+介词 have/gain access to可以获得 take advantage of利用, 趁……之机 make use of利用 find fault with挑……的错 keep pace with与……同步 put an end to结束…… take notice of注意到 catch sight of看见 do damage to损害…… attach importance to重视…… take the place of取代, 代替 take pride in以……自豪 take possession of占有

make preparations for为……做准备 make contributions to对……做出贡献 [技法点拨]

名词与语法填空 1.词性转换题:“句子成分”是关键 (1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式; (2)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词名词与短文改错 1.遇到名词,首先想到是可数名词还是不可数名词; 2.看到several,a few,many,one of,three,a number of等要想到名词应用复数形式; by chance/accident偶然 in advance提前 on purpose故意地

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性物主代词所修饰,要考虑名词形式; 3.看到information,advice,progress,2.名词复数题:“牢记规则”辨是非 (1)如果空格处被these,several,many和数词等修饰时,要考虑名词的复数形式; (2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式。 knowledge等,要想到它们是不可数名词,没有复数形式; 4.看到冠词等修饰词,要想到应用名词形式; 5.形容词和名词都可作表语,但形容词作表语说明主语的特点(how),名词作表语则说明主语的身份、职业等(what)。 二、冠 词 [全国卷考情分析]

题型分类 典题试做 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something 近五年高考对冠词的考查主要集语法填空 missing. 中在冠词表泛指、特指的基本用2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This included 法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词digging up the road,laying the 上。 track and then building a strong roof over the top. 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school,and it takes them 1.不定冠词a和an的错用; about a→an/one hour and a half to 2.不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的go to work every day. 短文改错 错用; 2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in 3.单数可数名词前冠词的缺失; 错误! picture are the things that 4.冠词的多余; were very important in my life at 5.常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与that time:car magazines and 多余。 musical instruments.

(对应学生用书第176页)

命题解读 第 17 页 共 17 页

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.(2018·重庆一中月考)“The match between these two teams is great,” said Jim,and I hope to see a second. 2.(2015·四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be a Beethoven. Ⅱ.单句改错

(2018·山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.

在第二个car前加a [再解读要点]

不定冠词用于表示泛指,一般修饰单数可数名词,有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时,用不定冠词a;当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时,用不定冠词an。 1.不定冠词的基本用法

(1)用作可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。

It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。 (2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”相当于a certain。 —Excuse me,would you please give the iPad to John? ——打扰一下,请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗?

—Sorry,but I don't think there's a John in our class.——对不起,但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。

(3)用在“be+of+a/an+名词”结构中,表示“同一,相同”时,相当于of the same+名词。

The two plants look different,but they are of a kind (=of the same kind). 这两种植物看上去不同,但属于同一类。

2.不定冠词的活用

(1)用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。

(北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get a second chance to make a first impression.

不定冠词 第 18 页 共 18 页

最初的印象最持久。毕竟, 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。 (2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词:success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。 (山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。

(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of...时, 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”;have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。

(2018·烟台模拟)If you don't have a good knowledge of English,it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.

如果你不精通英语,那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢!

3.用于固定搭配中

all of a sudden突然地 as a matter of fact事实上 at a loss不知所措;困惑 pay a visit to参观;拜访 be/go on a diet节食 give sb.a lift让某人搭便车 make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地 make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费

once in a while偶尔 keep an eye on 留意;留神 have a gift for在……方面有天赋 have a word with与……谈话 in a way从某种意义上说 as a result/consequence 因此

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句改错

(2018·江西南昌联考)They only eat what they like and never touch food they don't like even if they really need it for their health. food前加the Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.(2018·山东寿光现代中学月考)The unsuccessful person,on the other hand,works little and just waits to see them pass by.

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2.比较应用①Xiamen is the most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that I will come again. ②Qingdao is a most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for a second time.

[再解读要点] 1.定冠词的基本用法

(1)指双方都知道的人或物,或特指的人或物的名词前。

(2015·重庆高考)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。 (2)用于某些形容词或分词前,表示一类人。

(2018·四川高考)We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。

(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only,very,same前,以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。

(陕西高考)As is known to all,the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 This book is the better one of the two. 这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。

易错警示 a与most连用,位于形容词前时,most是表示程度的副词,意为“非常”;the与most连用,位于形容词或副词前时,most是最高级的标志,意为“最……的”。 (4)用于“by+the+表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中, 表示“按……计算”。但size,weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。

He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore,that is,by the kilogram.

他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖,也就是说是按公斤来卖的。

(5)用于“动词(hit,strike,pull,take等)+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构中, 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。 hit sb.on the head 打某人的头

pull /take sb.by the hand拉/抓住某人的手 strike sb.in the face打某人的脸

2.用于固定搭配中

at the moment 此刻,目前 by the way顺便说一下 in the way 阻碍;挡路 in the distance在远处

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