《英语（二）》
第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）
下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）
When We Are Asleep
① Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（回忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours‘ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.
② Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the ―D‖ state. Babies experience the ―D‖ state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.
③ Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the ―cast‖ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In ―normal‖ dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.
④ However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a ―lucid‖ （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.
1. Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段的第一句话Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely.可知，该说法正确。注意题干表述是对原文某些句子的同义转述，如cannot代替了never，remember代替了recall。
2. In an average night of eight hours‘ sleep, males dream longer than females. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】C
【解析】根据题干中的in an average night of eight hours‘ sleep可以快速定位在第一段的第三句话：In an average night of eight hours‘ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.这里没有对男性和女性做梦的时间进行对比，故应该选择“没有提及”。
3. When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干中的electrical waves in our brains 可以快速定位在第二段的前两句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly.
4. Without the help of instruments, scientists cannot tell whether someone is dreaming or not. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的instruments可以定位在第二段，前三句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects.此处列举了科学家判断人是否做梦时的依据。这里明确指出需要借助仪器的是检测脑电波，而观察呼吸、心跳和眼动，不一定要借助仪器。因此，并不是没有仪器，科学家就无法判断一个人是否做梦。
5. Only mammals have dreams when they are asleep. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干中的mammals可以定位在第二段的第四句话These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物).从句子结构and also…可以判断also后的birds和reptiles不属于mammals的范围，这三个名词并列。
小贴士：过于绝对的说法往往是错误的，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。
6. Babies dream less than older children. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的babies可以定位在第二段的最后两句话：This period of sleep is called the ―D‖ state. Babies experience the ―D‖ state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.此处this period of sleep…和上句，即These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles.中的主语these signs of dreaming是顺承关系，故this period of sleep就是dreaming，―D‖ state就是“做梦的时候”。最后一句讲到婴儿睡眠时间的50%都是―D‖ state，到了10岁后就下降到了25%。很显然，婴儿做梦比较大的孩子要多而不是less。
7. Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】C
【解析】本题是关于梦境的内容，可以定位在第三段前半部分Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the ―cast‖ of our dream dramas are friends and relations.这里提到梦里的人大多是我们认识的人，大约2/3的人是朋友或亲戚，没有提到是我们一起从小玩大的朋友。
8. Now we can detect what dreamers dream about by using modern equipment. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】C
【解析】第三段讲到梦的形式及梦中的人物和梦的呈现方式（vision视觉，sound听觉，touch触觉），故第三段主要讲梦的内容是什么，但没有涉及这些结论是如何获得的。
9. We do not often have the sense of taste in dreams. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的taste可以定位在第三段的倒数第三句Sound and touch（听觉和触觉） are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste（嗅觉和味觉） are not frequently involved.本题中的often和原文中的frequently属同义替换。
10. Some people can be conscious that they are dreaming in their dreams. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的conscious可以定位在第四段However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a ―lucid‖ （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.
小贴士：千万不要受自己主观臆测的影响，要根据文章确定对错及“未提及”。 Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）
Work Is a Service
① Young people may ask themselves questions like this when they apply for employment: ―What are my working hours? What are my extra benefits besides wages? What holidays will I have off? Will I have enough time to hang out with my friends or pursue my hobbies?‖ With questions like these, however, when we focus on our leisure hours instead of our working hours, we may be prevented from seeing a much greater opportunity.
② Good work attitudes, habits, and skills are learned through successful work experiences. Let me illustrate. On the ranch（牧场） where I grew up, the cows had to be milked before dawn every day. When I was just 10 years old, I would enter our barnyard where there were about 10 to 12 cows waiting for me to let them into the milking barn. My mother and father used to say out loud to the cows, ―Good morning. It‘s good to see you!‖ I have to confess that
as a young boy I didn‘t feel quite the same way toward the cows.
③ After each cow was milked, I poured the milk from the pail into a l0-gallon can. Each can weighed about 80 pounds when full. It made me stretch my young muscles as I carried them to the road for the dairy to pick up.
④ My father and mother quite frequently helped me with milking the cows. I remember my father and mother continued to milk until they were in their late 80s. But Father didn‘t milk the cows because he had to; he milked them because they needed to be milked. There is a difference. To him, these animals were not just cows – they were Big Blackie and Bossie and Sally and Betsy. He wanted them to be content. He always said that contented cows give good milk. To my father, milking cows – as unsophisticated as it may seem – was not an extra burden; it was an opportunity. Milking was not a job for him; it was a service.
⑤ This philosophy is something that helped me as I grew up. It helped me to find out that all honest work is honorable. Within a few years I realized that routinely performing these chores actually began to give me a sense of confidence and empowerment. I took pride in my work. We control our own attitudes towards work. Self-confidence and empowerment can serve us well – in the classroom or on Wall Street.
⑥ Instead of thinking of our daily work as an extra burden, we should think of it as an opportunity. That‘s just the way my father taught me to feel about the cows. Those teachings have remained with me all my life, and I continue to visit the ranch and its memories as often as possible.
1. Young people may be more concerned about leisure time when applying for jobs. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第一段，该段提到了应聘者提出的几个问题―What are my working hours? What are my extra benefits besides wages? What holidays will I have off? Will I have enough time to hang out with my friends or pursue my hobbies?‖同时根据最后一句的概括With questions like these, however, when we focus on our leisure hours instead of our working hours, we may be prevented from seeing a much greater opportunity.可知该题干正确。
2. Good work attitudes, habits, and skills are learned at school. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的work attitudes, habits, skills可以定位在第二段的第一句Good work attitudes, habits, and skills are learned through successful work experiences.可知好的工作态度、习惯和技术来自工作经历而不是在学校可以学到。
3. Before going to school, the author had to milk all the cows in the morning. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的milk cows可以定位在第二段的中间When I was just 10 years old, I would enter our barnyard where there were about 10 to 12 cows waiting for me to let them into the milking barn. My mother and father used to say out loud to the cows, ―Good morning. It‘s good to see you!‖可知作者需要给10到12只奶牛挤奶，其余由他父母挤奶。
小贴士：过于绝对的说法往往是错误的，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。
4. Unlike his parents, the young boy seemed not to be glad to see the cows every morning. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的morning可以定位在第二段的最后，根据第二段的最后两句My mother and father used to say out loud to the cows, ―Good morning. It‘s good to see you!‖ I have to confess that as a young boy I didn‘t feel quite the same way toward the cows.
5. After each cow was milked, the author would carry the milk to the market. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干中的after each cow was milked可以定位在第三段：After each cow was milked, I poured the milk from the pail into a l0-gallon can. Each can weighed about 80 pounds when full. It made me stretch my young muscles as I carried them to the road for the dairy to pick up.可知作者是将牛奶桶提到路边等待牛奶场的人来接货，而不是运到集市上去卖。
6. The author always milked the cows alone in the barnyard. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的milk the cows可以定位在第四段的第一句My father and mother quite frequently helped me with milking the cows.。另外，根据本句中含有过于绝对的词always，可以判断错误的可能性较大。
7. To his father, milking cows was a complicated job. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的to his father可以定位在第四段的最后一句To my father, milking cows – as unsophisticated as it may seem – was not an extra burden; it was an opportunity. Milking was not a job for him; it was a service.
8. The author‘s father milked the cows because they needed to be milked. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的father和milked定位在第四段，根据第四段的第三句But Father didn‘t milk the cows because he had to; he milked them because they needed to be milked.
9. The author came to like the job of milking and took pride in it. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第五段。第五段讲了作者对生活和工作态度的转变：他认识到每种诚实的工作都是高尚的all honest work is honorable。题干中内容虽然没有直接显示出，但可以推测出来。
10. Self-confidence and empowerment acquired at work will benefit people throughout their lives. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的self-confidence and empowerment可以定位在第五段。根据第五段的最后一句Self-confidence and empowerment can serve us well – in the classroom or on Wall Street.
Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 2）
Lucky’s Greatest Treasure
① Mary and her husband Jim had a dog named ―Lucky.‖ Lucky was a real character. Whenever Mary and Jim had company come for a weekend visit, they would warn their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would help himself to whatever struck his fancy. Inevitably, someone would forget and something would come up missing.
② Mary or Jim would go to Lucky‘s toy box in the basement and there the treasure would be, amid all of Lucky‘s other favorite toys. Lucky always stored his finds in his toy box.
③ It happened that Mary found out she had breast cancer. Something told her she was going, to die of this disease. She scheduled a double mastectomy（乳房切除术）, fear riding her shoulders.
④ The night before she was to go to the hospital, she hugged Lucky closely in her arms. A thought struck her – what would happen to Lucky? Although the three-year-old dog liked Jim, he was Mary‘s dog through and through. ―If I die, Lucky will be abandoned,‖ Mary thought, ―He won‘t understand that I didn‘t want to leave him.‖ The thought made her sadder than that of her own death.
⑤ The double mastectomy was harder on Mary than her doctors had anticipated and Mary was hospitalized for over two weeks. Jim faithfully took Lucky for his evening walk, but the little dog just hung down, whining（哀鸣）and miserable.
⑥ Finally the day came for Mary to leave the hospital. When she arrived home, Mary was so exhausted that she couldn‘t even make it up the steps to her bedroom. Jim made his wife comfortable on the couch and left her to nap.
⑦ Lucky stood watching Mary but he didn‘t come to her when she called. It made Mary sad but sleep soon overcame her and she dozed.
⑧ When Mary woke, for a second she couldn‘t understand what was wrong. She couldn‘t move her head and her body felt heavy and hot. But panic soon gave way to laughter when Mary realized the problem. She was covered, literally blanketed, with every treasure Lucky owned!
⑨ While she had slept, the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement bringing his beloved mistress all his favorite things in life. He had covered her with his love.
⑩ Mary forgot about dying. Instead, she and Lucky began living again, walking further and further together every day.
⑾ It‘s been 12 years now and Mary is still cancer-free. Lucky? He still steals treasures and stores them secretly in his toy box, but Mary remains his greatest treasure.
1. Lucky is Mary and her husband‘s pet dog.
A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段第一句Mary and her husband Jim had a dog named ―Lucky.‖可知该说法正确。
2. Whenever they had friends visit them, the couple would warn Lucky not to take their friends‘ luggage away. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段第三句Whenever Mary and Jim had company come for a weekend visit, they would warn their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would help himself to whatever struck his fancy.可知是告诫朋友们不要把行李打开。
3. Mary and her husband‘s friends knew Lucky well so their belongings never went missing. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段的最后一句话Inevitably, someone would forget and something would come up missing，该句提到有的朋友会忘记盖上行李箱，结果他们的东西就会不见了。
4. Lucky‘s toy box was placed in the basement. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的关键词basement定位在第二段第一句的前半句Mary or Jim would go to Lucky‘s toy box in the basement…。
5. Mary‘s husband warned that he would abandon Lucky after her death. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】C 【解析】根据第四段可知玛丽非常担心她死了小狗很可能会被遗弃，但文章没有提及玛丽的丈夫吉姆会遗弃小狗。
6. Mary stayed in the hospital for two months because the surgery was harder than doctors had anticipated. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的hospital定位在第五段。根据第五段第一句话The double mastectomy was harder on Mary than her doctors had anticipated and Mary was hospitalized for over two weeks.可知玛丽在医院呆了两星期。
7. When Mary arrived home from hospital, Jim made her lie in bed immediately. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据同一顺序的原则及arrive home from hospital定位在第六段：Finally the day came for Mary to leave the hospital. When she arrived home, Mary was so exhausted that she couldn‘t even make it up the steps to her bedroom. Jim made his wife comfortable on the couch and left her to nap.可以看出玛丽连抬腿上楼到卧室的力气都没有了，吉姆只好让她睡在沙发上而不是床上。
8. When Mary woke, she couldn‘t move a bit because she caught a cold and fell ill. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】B
【解析】根据Mary woke定位在第八段When Mary woke, for a second she couldn‘t understand what was wrong. She couldn‘t move her head and her body felt heavy and hot. But panic soon gave way to laughter when Mary realized the problem. She was covered, literally blanketed, with every treasure Lucky owned! 由此可知她不能动不是因为感冒而是身上压了很多东西。
9. Lucky covered Mary with love by placing all his treasures on her body. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第九段：While she had slept, the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement bringing his beloved mistress all his favorite things in life. He had covered her with his love.。
10. Mary has been cancer-free for 12 years, and remains Lucky‘s greatest treasure. A. True B. False C. Not Given 【答案】A
【解析】根据12 years定位在最后一段：It‘s been 12 years now and Mary is still cancer-free. Lucky? He still steals treasures and stores them secretly in his toy box, but Mary remains his greatest treasure.。
第二部分：阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）