21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______. 22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______.
23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______. 24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. A. the volunteers do. B. because she does not have a weight problem. C. because the life there can be very boring. D. make people overeat. E. because she was her own boss. F. so as to control the speed. 21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______. 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outside these rooms another sign reads ?Please do not enter—work in progress‘ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。
22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______. 【答案】E
【解析】根据题干中的关键词Nicola Walters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work.
23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______. 【答案】C
【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第四段。该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。
24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 【答案】D
【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets高脂膳食 are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, …
25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. 【答案】F
【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn‘t go too fast.
小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以快速缩小范围。
Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）
Five Reasons to Celebrate Mistakes
① Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention and putting crucial problems right in our face. Mistakes light a path for us. When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what‘s working and what we can do to fix it.
② There is one sure way to avoid mistakes and that‘s to avoid life. The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative reviews. The comedian who never performs in front of an audience is sure to avoid telling jokes that fall flat失败，达不到预期效果. When we are comfortable with making mistakes, we‘re more likely to take risks and tackle projects. Celebrating mistakes involves wisdom. Effective people don‘t set goals with the idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.
③ Imagine working at a company that has no standards – where mistakes are not distinguished from successes and no one is held accountable for errors. We could turn in the most careless and the crudest未加工的，肤浅的 pieces of work we‘d ever done, and they would get treated the same as our best work. We‘d never be able to count on having the supplies we needed because no one would complain when vendors供应商，商贩 failed to deliver. Projects could go permanently unfinished and no one would say anything. In an atmosphere where there‘s no difference between failure and success, the word ―mistake‖ would be without meaning. Mistakes can happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.
④ The word ―mistake‖ derives meaning only by comparison to what we desire. Noticing and admitting our mistakes reminds us of what we really want to have, do, and be. Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling. With this act come the rewards of honesty and frankness, including self-knowledge自知之明 and the capacity for change. As we tell the truth about our mistakes, we can benefit by releasing shame and blame. Fixing
mistakes and preventing them from happening again are key goals.
⑤ Mistakes are usually more instructive than successes – and often far more interesting. The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a lifetime. We can translate those lessons into new values and behaviors that make a profound difference. With all these potential benefits from mistakes, we have plenty of reasons to celebrate them.
Task l
A. Mistakes encourage taking risks 16. Paragraph ①
B. Mistakes practice telling truth 17. Paragraph ②
C. Mistakes make powerful teachers 18. Paragraph ③
D. Mistakes are as important as successes 19. Paragraph ④
E. Mistakes focus our attention 20. Paragraph ⑤ F. Mistakes make things work :
16. Paragraph ① 【答案】E
【解析】第一段首句给出了相关信息Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention and putting crucial problems right in our face.故选E。
17. Paragraph ② 【答案】A 【解析】第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，让自己进步。A项中的关键词encourage taking risks符合本段语境，故选A。
18. Paragraph ③ 【答案】F
【解析】第三段通过在公司工作的情况，指出没有正确与错误标准的公司不会有任何进步和发展。所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事情有所进展的时候，错误才会发现。与F含义相符。
19. Paragraph ④ 【答案】B
【解析】第四段是对“错误”的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会说出真相。这样的话我们就可以得到诚恳和坦率、自身知识的提高和改变的能力，又讲到了说出错误的种种好处。再结合第四段的第三句Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling.可知B项符合本段主旨。
20. Paragraph ⑤ 【答案】D
【解析】第五段通过mistake和success的比较，阐述出错误的重要性，所以可以判断出错误与成功一样，都具有很重要的意义。故选D。
Task 2
21. We often know through mistakes what‘s going wrong and _______. 22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______. 23. Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______. 24. People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______.
25. We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______. A. stick with us for a lifetime B. what we can do to fix it C. committed to making things work D. accepting the risk of error E. worry about being criticized F. committed to making things work 注：该题命题疏忽，C和F完全一样。 21. We often know through mistakes what‘s going wrong and _______. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第一段的最后一句：When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what‘s working and what we can do to fix it.可知选B。
小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知and前后为平行结构，只有B相符。 22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______.
【答案】E
【解析】根据writer, finish book定位在第二段的第二句话The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative reviews.，其中getting negative reviews和选项E中的being criticized属同义替换。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知本题选择动词原形开头的A或E。
23. Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______. 【答案】D
【解析】根据题干中的关键词effective people定位在第二段最后两句：Effective people don‘t set goals with the idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.可知答案为D。
小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分是连词while之后的内容，可以用整个句子；也可以是分词形式，即while从句省略和主句相同的主语和be部分。选项中没有整个句子，故只能在C、D或F中选择。
24. People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______. 【答案】C/F 【解析】根据顺序原则定位在第三段。根据第三段最后一句话Mistakes can happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.这句话指出只有人们在真正投入到工作中让事情有所进展的时候，错误才会出现，故选择C/F。
小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分在they are后，故要在C、D或F中选择。
25. We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______. 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的关键词learn lessons定位在最后一段。从最后一段第二句话The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a lifetime.可知答案为A。
小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分在定语从句中作谓语，故在A或E中选择。
第四部分：填句补文（第26～30题，每题2分，共1 0分） 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely（选自Unit 6，Text A）
① School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. 26 On the other hand, the children‘s spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.
② Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as ―food money‖. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess（休息） and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. 27 Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money.
③ Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being shortsighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. 28 Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.
④ Children need to learn how to budget their money. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. 29 This habit, when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of ―buy now and pay later‖ schemes.
Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket t money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. 30 When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.
A. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to monthly pocket money. B. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved. C. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left.
D. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending.
E. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints. F. They may develop the mentality（心态，意识） that money is meant to be spent. 26. 【答案】B
【解析】根据空格前出现的way和give，后面出现的give，spend和affect，这些都是解题线索，应引起考生的注意，这是答题的关键。前面提到父母给孩子零花钱的不同方式，后面提到孩子的花钱习惯影响父母给他们零花钱的方式。只有B（给零花钱的方式影响花钱和攒钱的方式）才能更好地衔接上下文。
27. 【答案】D
【解析】第二段主要讲父母每天给孩子一次零花钱对孩子的影响。They learn how to manage small sums of money. 27 Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending,…空格前提到孩子如何花手中有限的钱，后面提到一些父母使用这种方法来控制孩子的过度消费，可知应选D。注意D中的limited和空格前的small呼应，control和空格后的prevent呼应，体现了内容的一致性。
28. 【答案】F
【解析】第三段主要讲这种提供零花钱的方式对孩子的花钱习惯带来的负面影响。The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. 28 Others spend more than they are given.空格前提到这种方式使孩子从来没有想过要攒钱，后面提到一些孩子会过度消费，甚至借钱。只有F提到了“孩子会养成一种钱就是用来花的观念”。另外F项中的they may develop…和下文的they may ask for…结构上一致。
29. 【答案】C 【解析】第四段主要讲述了孩子养成规划开支习惯的重要性。The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. 29 This habit, when inculcated（灌输） since young, stands them in good stead when they start working…空格前讲到学会规划开支的关键是区分需求和需要。C项（先购买必须的，只有当钱有结余时才去享受）是对前句的进一步解释。
30. 【答案】A
【解析】最后一段是对全文的总结，讲述了从小养成理财习惯的重要性。They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. 30 When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.空格前指出从幼儿园时就要学会规划零花钱的重要性，后面的内容指出从小养成理财习惯有益于未来个人的财务管理，空格中应该就是这种方法—从每天的零花钱开始攒起，慢慢到每月的零花钱。
小贴士：所填的句子起着承上启下的作用，看懂上下句是解题的关键，同时注意看上下句中的关键词，会有呼应现象。还要注意观察同段的句子结构等细节内容。
Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 2）
Mistakes Are a Must on the Road to Success
① When Kamprad was a teenager, he became interested in a pro-Nazi group run by a Swedish fascist activist by the name of Per Engdahl. He not only attended group meetings but also raised funds and recruited members to the group between 1942 and 1945. It is unknown when Kamprad quit the group. 26 This part of Kamprad‘s past remained hidden until 1994，when Engdahl‘s personal letters were made public after his death.
② ―This is part of my life I bitterly regret,‖ said Kamprad. ―After a couple of meetings in pure Nazi style, I quit.‖ In a letter he wrote to employees titled ―The Greatest Mistake of My Life,‖ Kamprad apologized to IKEA宜家家居（瑞典公司）employees of Jewish heritage and asked for their forgiveness. 27 Following its publication, Kamprad said in an interview, ―Now I have told all I can. Can one ever get forgiveness for such stupidity?‖
③ 28 ―That was the biggest blunder I‘ve made in my entire life, and I regret it deeply,‖ he said ―I have said sorry, many times, but it has left an unremovable mark on my conscience that continually haunts me and perhaps it‘s best this way.‖ Joining the Nazi group would be a mistake that he would be paying for on a personal level 就个人角度来说for the rest of his life. 29 He was criticized and he was attacked in the media, but sales at IKEA continued to increase. His popularity actually rose following the incident because of the honesty with which he dealt with the after-effect后果.
④ Experience has taught Kamprad that not only could the business world be forgiving of his mistakes, but that it was those very mistakes that could end up moving mountains. 30 Working in Almhult, Gillis Lundgren, a new employee, had been standing beside a car with a colleague, trying to figure out how to get a bulky庞大的 wooden table into the back of it. Finally, against company policy, Lundgren said, ―Oh God, then, let‘s pull off the legs and put them underneath.‖ It was with that simple statement that IKEA would reorient itself towards the flat design production for which it has become famous today.
⑤ ―IKEA is not completely perfect,‖ said Kamprad. ―We are going the right way to becoming it, for sure,
but we are not there yet.‖
A. Kamprad had made a crucial mistake in sympathizing with Nazi‘s in his teenage years- B. However, he remained friends with Engdahl well into the 1950s.
C. However, professionally, Kamprad had been left relatively unharmed. . D. Indeed, the success of IKEA can be traced back to a simple mistake in 1956. E. Kamprad was arrested soon after the war was ended.
F. He also devoted two chapters to the incident in his 1998 book, ―The History of IKEA.‖ 26. 【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段最后一句的信息，直到1994年，由于Engdahl的私人信件被公开，Kamprad的那段过去才被发现。Engdahl之前都没有提到过，可以推断空格处的句子会对这个人的情况有所介绍。而且空格前后都有表示时间的短语，故选择B。
27. 【答案】F
【解析】根据空格处后面一句中的开头following its publication可知，这里的its是对前一句中某个词的替代；再根据句意，应该是有书被出版，故选择F。
28. 【答案】A
【解析】根据后面一句提到That was the biggest blunder I‘ve made in my entire life，可以看出这里的that是对前一句的指代，根据文意，那个巨大的错误应该是指他青年时期对纳粹的同情。故选择A。
29. 【答案】C
【解析】第三段前半部分讲了Kamprad所犯的错误和他的懊悔。而后半段讲了宜家的销售成绩却因为他的诚实应对不减反升。由此可以看出空格处的句子应该是有转折意味、承上启下的句子，故答案为C。而且C项中的professionally和前句中的on a personal level是对立的，空格后讲到He was criticized and he was attacked in the media。
30. 【答案】D
【解析】第四段追溯了宜家如何改变设计方向的历史，故选择D。 Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 3）
The Rise of the Toilet Texter
① We know where some of you are reading this.
② A recently released survey of the mobile phone habits of Americans, going where few other surveys care to go, has found that 75 percent of the ordinary people have used their mobile devices while on the toilet. 26
③ The survey of l,000 people by the marketing agency 11mark found that private contemplation沉思，冥想 has given way to toilet-time talking, texting, shopping, using apps（应用软件，application的缩写）, or just surfing the Web, by both sexes and most ages. 27
④ It gets weirder. One-quarter of Americans say they will not go to the bathroom without their devices. While 63 percent have answered calls, 41 percent have called someone else while enthroned. Sixteen percent in the 28-to-35 group, the youngest sample surveyed, have made purchases there. A mere 8 percent of the oldest group has felt such retail urgency. Understandably, given their infrequent chances at privacy, people with children are more likely to talk on the phone than are the childless. 28
⑤ Hope you are sitting down for this: 20 percent of males have at one time joined a conference call from the
toilet. Thirteen percent of American women have participated in meetings from the toilet. 29 Be grateful that location-based tracking is not yet so prevalent. Be worried about the rise of video on mobile devices. Ignore all background noises. Really.
⑥ This is, in a sense, an evidence to our collective passion for communication and contact over all other needs, and a lesson in how quickly ideas of decorum（礼貌得体） adjust to the times. 30 If someone is making or taking calls while on the toilet, they are most likely using a BlackBerry. Using an app or playing on Facebook most often is done on an iPhone. In general, Android owners are more likely than owners of other phones to use them on the toilet.
A. It is also a decent read on brand-related habits.
B. That is every fifth male co-worker, and every eighth female colleague.
C. Among those 65 and older, however, only 47 percent have used their mobile devices on the toilet. D. Married people are far more likely than the single to text. E. Single people are far more likely than the mated to text. F. Among those aged 28 to 35, the figure is 91 percent. 26. 【答案】F
【解析】综合比较五个选项只有C或F可能入选。根据常识可知，使用手机的大多数为年轻人，所以这个统计数字应是面向年轻人的，由此可以判断F最符合，答案为F。