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任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种危险。
2.如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用,包括远距离扫瞄,以便获得 碰撞危险的早期警报,并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。 3.不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。 4.在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
(1)如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危险；
(2)即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存在这种危险， 特别是在驶近一艘很大的船或拖带船组时，或是在近距离驶近他船时。
Rule 8
Action to avoid Collision
(a) Any action to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
(b) Any alteration of course and / or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and / or speed should be avoided.
(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close quarters situation.
(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at safe distance, the effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea- room for the safe passage of the other vessel.
(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve
risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part.
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.
第八条 避免碰撞的行动
1.为避免碰撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极的，应及早地进行并注意运用良好的船艺。
2.为避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达观察时容易察觉到；应避免对航向和（或）航速作一连
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串的小变动。
3.如有足够的水域，则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，只要这种行动是及时的，大幅度的并且不至造成另一紧迫局面。
4.为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清他船为止。
5.为避免碰撞或留有更多时间来估计局面，必要时, 船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转 推进器把船停住。
6. (1)根据本规则任何规定， 要求不得妨碍另一艘船通过或安全通过的船舶应根据 当时环境的需要及早地采取行动以留出足够的水域供他船安全通过。
(2)如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时， 被要求不得妨碍另一艘船通过或安全通过的船舶并不解除这一责任，且当采取行动时，应充分考虑到本章各条可能要求的行动。
Rule 9
Narrow Channels
(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within narrow channel or fairway.
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule
13.
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
第九条 狭水道
1.船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时，只要安全可行， 应尽量靠近其右舷的该水道或航道的外缘。
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2.帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。
3.从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通行。
4.船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道，如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀疑时,可以使用第三十四条4款所规定的声号。
5.(1)在狭水道或航道内， 如只有在被追越船必须采取行动以允许安全通过能追越时，则企图追越的船，应鸣放第三十四条3款(1)项所规定的相应声号， 以表示本船的意图。被追越船如果同意，应鸣放第三十四条3款(2) 所规定的相 应声号，并采取使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑， 则可以鸣放第三十四条4款所规定的声号。
(2)本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
6.船舶在驶近其他船舶可能被居间障碍物遮蔽的狭水道或航道的弯头或地段时，应 特别机警和谨慎地驾驶，并应鸣放第三十四条5款所规定的相应声号。
7.任何船舶，如当时环境许可，都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。
Rule 10
Traffic Separation Schemes
(a) This rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule. (b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
(d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to
avoid immediate danger.
(e)A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except: (i) in case of emergency to avoid immediate danger: (ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
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(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power -driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
第十条 分道通航制
1.本条适用于本组织所采纳的各分道通航制, 但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各条规定的责任.
2.使用分道通航制区域的船舶:
(1)在相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流向行驶; (2)尽可能让开分隔线或分隔带;
(3)通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出,但从分道的任何一侧驶进或驶出时, 应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度;
3.船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道,但如不得不穿越时,应尽可能用与分道的船舶总流向成直角的船首向穿越;
4.(1)当船舶可安全使用邻近分道通航制区中相应通航分道时,不应使用沿岸通航带.但长度小于20米的船舶、帆船和从事捕鱼的船舶可使用沿岸通航带；
(2)除本条4(1)规定外,当船舶抵离港口、近岸设施或建筑物、引航站或位于沿岸通航带中的任何地方或为避免紧迫危险时，可使用沿岸通航带;
5.除穿越船或者驶进或驶出通航分道的船舶外, 船通常不应进入分隔带或穿越分隔线,除非:
(1)在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险; (2)在分隔带内从事捕鱼;
6.船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时,应特别谨慎;
7.船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊; 8.不使用分道通航制区域的船舶,应尽可能远离该区域.
9.从事捕鱼的船舶,不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任何船舶的通行;
10.帆船或长度小于20米的船舶,不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的机动船的安全通行;
11.操纵能力受到限制的船舶,当在分道通航制区域内从事维护航行安全的作业时,在执行该作业所必需的限度内,免受本条规定的约束;
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12.操纵能力受到限制的船舶,当在分道通航制区域内从事敷设、维护或起捞海底电缆时,在执行该作业所必需的限度内,免受本条规定的约束。
SECTION Ⅱ-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN
SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER
Rule 11 Application
Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.
第二节 船舶在互见中的行动规则
（第十一条——第十八条）
第十一条 适用范围
本节各条适用于互见中的船舶.
Rule 12 Sailing Vessels
(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.
(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to wind-ward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
(b) For the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square- rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore and aft sail is carried.
第十二条 帆船
1.两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成碰撞危险时,其中一船应按下列规定给他船让路: (1)两船在不同舷受风时,左舷受风的船应给他船让路; (2)两船在同舷受风时,上风船应给下风船让路;
(3)如左舷受风的船看到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷受风还是右舷受风,则应给该船让路.
2.就本条规定而言,船舶的受风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧;对于方 帆船,则应认为是最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧.
Rule 13 Overtaking
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night
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