3) determined; having a firm intention; 4) fastened by or as if by a band; kept close
e.g.① In spite of the heavy rain, they are bound to come to this meeting.
②I do not feel bound to give you everything you want. ③He’s bound to go, and nothing will stop him. ④The ball bounded from the wall and hit a little boy. to the last: until the latest moment; till the end e.g. She is an honest girl to the last. conquer: defeat
conquer a country/ the enemy/ a bad habit
e.g. The company has succeeded in conquering the China market. The little boy conquered his fear and walk alone through the woods at night.
Pay attention to the pattern “It is … that/ who …”. This is an emphatic structure often used in written language.
e.g. It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it. It was Tom who broke the window. disappear: go out of sight suddenly e.g. The sun disappeared behind a cloud. depend upon:
e.g. Whether we will go hill-climbing or not depend upon the weather.
in order that: (used to introduce an adverbial clause that explains the reason for something) so that; to the end that
①in order to: (used to introduce a phrase to explains the reason for something) as a means to; with the purpose of →so that / so as to
e.g. He raised his hand in order that the bus might stop. He stood up in order to see better.
Speak more slowly, so that they may understand you. I’ll have everything ready so as not to keep you waiting. compare: examine or judge (one thing) e.g. He compare London with Paris. in spite of: despite
e.g. I went to the school in spite of rain.
The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found… Inversion: Please pay attention to inversion. Inversion means changing the normal word order in a sentence by putting part or all of the verb group in front of the subject. Usually the word order in sentences beginning with a negative word or phrase such as never, hardly, little, only (+adverbial), no sooner…than, nor, scarcely, etc. e.g. Never have I heard such a funny story.
Only then did I fully understand what my teacher said. No sooner had I gone out that he came to see me.
yield to: allow oneself to be overcome by pressure e.g. The government has not yielded to public opinion. At no time should we yield to the enemy. for a time: 暂时，一度
e.g. For a time we lived together peacefully, soon trouble started. at the mercy of: entirely in the power of 任凭?摆布
e.g. They were lost at sea, and were at the mercy of winds and weather. give in: yield
e.g. Don’t give in to him.
opportunity: a chance or time to do something
e.g. May I take this opportunity to thank you all for your help? come: arrive
e.g. Christmas is coming soon.
Come + to do: take place; happen; occur e.g. You will come to realize that someday. win back: 赢回；重新获得 e.g. How can I win back her trust? arise: 1) come into being or notice 2) get up
e.g. Surprisingly, new problems arise every day.
Tom arose early in the morning to deliver milk from door to door. carry out: complete
e.g. Nothing could prevent him from carrying out his plan.
value: calculate the value, price; consider somebody or something to be of great worth
e.g. I was offered $500 for my old car but its value is much higher. I’ve always valued your friendship. as well as: in addition to
e.g. I’m learning French as well as German.
all the more: to a greater degree; by an added quantity
e.g. If you say something openly against his plan, he will stick to it all the more.
familiar (with, to): generally known, seen, or experienced; common e.g. Are you familiar with this type of car?. He is familiar with the ancient history of China.
put something first: make something the most important thing e.g. Rob seems to put money first, and happiness second in his life. hand down: hand on, give or leave to people who are younger or come later
hand on: hand down, give from one person to another (esp. something which can be used by many people one after another)
e.g. This ring has been handed down from generation to generation in my family.
Please read this note and hand it on to your classmates.
add (to): put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc.
e.g. Learning English will add to our understanding of the world. Paraphrases of Difficult Sentences
“Why is it that some nations have disappeared altogether?”
→Why is it that some countries have been conquered and become a part of others?
”?.., when the great test came,….”
→?, when the country faced a severe national crisis,?”
“The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found willing to yield to the enemy.’
→ The answer is that the people in all these countries have refused to give in to the enemy.
“For a time they may have seemed to be at the mercy of a conqueror, but….”
→ For a period of time, they may have appeared helpless before a conqueror, but?
“?., and getting first-hand knowledge of their scenery,…” → ?, and getting intimate knowledge of their scenery,?” ”?, and we put them first.’
→ ?, and we should take them as the first things to know. The fourth period: