alizing antibody 中和抗体NAD:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(oxidized) 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（同DPN，即辅酶
）NADP:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(oxidized)
）NARES:non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia 嗜
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（同TPN，即辅酶
酸细胞增多性非变应性鼻炎NBT:nitroblue tetrazolium 亚硝基蓝四氮唑NCF-A:neutrophil chemotactic factor of
anaphylaxis 过敏反应嗜中性细胞趋化因子NDI:nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 肾源性尿崩症NE:norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素NEC:nerotizing enterocolitis 坏死性小肠结肠炎NGU:nongonococcal urethritis 非淋病性尿道炎NIDDM:noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 非
胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NIH:U.S.National Institutes of Health 美国国立卫
生研究所NK cell:natural killer cells 天然杀伤细胞NMR:nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振（同MRI）NPN:nonprotein nitrogen 非蛋白氮NPT:nocturnal penile tumescence 夜间阴茎勃起NREM:nonrapid-eye-movement 非快眼动（睡眠）NS:nephrotic syndrome 肾变综合征NSAID:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 非甾体
抗炎药OA:osteoarthritis 骨性关节炎OA:orotic acid 乳清酸（合成嘧啶的中间产物）OAF:osteoclast activating factor 破骨细胞活化因
子OC:oral contraceptive 口服避孕药OCG:oral cholecystography 口服造影剂胆囊造影OGTT:oral glucose tolerance test 口服糖耐量试验17-OH CS:17-hydroxycorticosteroid 17-羟皮质类固 醇OLD:obstructive lung disease 阻塞性肺疾病OPV:oral(live attenuated virus)polio vaccine
(Sabin) 口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（萨宾氏）ORS:oral rehydration solution 口服补水溶液OS:opening snap 开瓣音OT:old tuberculin 旧结核菌素OTC:over-the-counter 非处方（药），柜台（药）P:atrial deploration(ECG wave) 心房除极波（心电
图）P:proline 脯氨酸-p:short arm of chromosome 染色体短臂P:properdin 备解素（补体活化旁路途径）P:pulmonic second sound 肺动脉瓣第二音PA:pernicous anemia 恶性贫血PCO:arterial carbon dioxide pressure 动脉血三
氧化碳分压PAF:platelet-activating factor 血小板活化因子PAH:para-aminohippurate 对氨基马尿酸（肾血浆流量
测定）PAM:pyridine aldoxime methiodide 解磷定（有机磷 解毒药）PAM:primary amebic meningoencephalitis 原发性阿
米巴脑膜脑炎PAM:pulmonary alveolar macrophage 肺泡巨噬细胞PAN:polyarteritis nodosa 结节性多动脉炎PCO:arterial oxygen pressure 动脉血氧分压PO:alveolar oxygen pressure 肺泡氧分压PAP:prostatic acid phosphatase 前列腺酸性磷酸酶Pap:Papanicolaou 巴氏（染色）（找瘤细胞）PAS:para-aminosalicylic acid 对位氨基水杨酸PAS:periodic acid-Schiff(reaction) 过碘酸希夫氏 （反应）PAWP:pulmonary arterial wedge pressure 肺小动脉
嵌顿压PBC:primary biliary cirrhosis 原发性胆汁性肝硬变PBG:porphobilinogen 卟吩胆色素原PBI:protein-bound iodine 蛋白结合碘PC:phosphatidylcholine 磷脂酰胆碱PCA:passive cutaneous anaphylaxis 被动皮肤过敏反
应PCD:plasma cell dyscrasia 浆细胞病PCG:phonocardiography 心音图PCH:paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria 阵发性寒冷性
血红蛋白尿PCM:protein-calorie malnutrition 蛋白质能量营养 不良PCO syndrome:polycystic ovarian syndrome 多囊卵 巢综合征PCP:Pneumocystis crinii pneumonia 卡氏肺孢子虫
肺炎，卡氏肺囊虫肺炎PCR:polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链锁反应PCV:packed cell volume 血细胞压积（同HCT）PD:peritoneal dialysis 腹腔透析PDA:patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭PDGF:platelet-derived growth factor 血小板源生
长因子PDT:photodynamic therapy 光动力学治疗PE:physical examination 体格检查，体检PECT:positron emission computed tomography 正电
子发射计算机断层成像PEEP:positive end-expiratory pressure 呼气终末
正压给氧PEFR:peak expiratory flow rate 呼气高峰流量PEG:pneumoencephalography 气脑造影PET:positr
on emission tomography 正电子发射断层
成像PFNA:percutaneons fine needle aspiration 经皮细
针抽吸PG:prostaglandin 前列腺素PGI:prostacyclin 前列腺环素PGL:persistent generalized lymphadenopathy 持续
性全身淋巴腺病（艾滋病）PGN:proliferative glomerulonephritis 增殖性肾小
球肾炎PH:portal hypertension 门静脉高压PHA:passive hemagglutination 被动血细胞凝集作用PHC:primary health care 初级卫生保健Phe:phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸PI:phosphatidylinositol 磷脂酰肌醇PI:protective isolation(reverse isolation) 保护
性隔离（反向隔离）PID:pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎PIE:pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia 嗜 酸细胞增多性肺浸润PIF:prolactin inhibiting factor 泌乳素抑制因子PIH:pregnancy-induced hypertension 妊娠高血压PIP:proximal interphalangeal 近端指（趾）间（关
节）PIT:plasma iron transport rate 血浆铁周转率PKD:polycystic kidney disease 多囊性肾病PK reaction:Prausnitz-Kstner reaction 普库二氏
反应（同PCA）PKU:phenylketonuria 苯丙酮尿症PM:polymyositis 多发性肌炎PMA:progressive mucular atrophy 进行性肌萎缩PML:progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 进行性多灶性脑白质病PMN:polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte 多
形核嗜中性白细胞PMR:polymyalgia rheumatica 多发性风湿性肌痛PMS:premenstrual syndrome 经前综合征PMT:premenstrual tension 经前紧张症PMV:prolapse of mitral valve 二尖瓣脱垂PN:polyarteritis nodosa 结节性多动脉炎PNH:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 阵发性夜 间血红蛋白尿PNS:partial nonprogressing stroke 非进行性部分中
风PNS:peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统PNT:papulonecrotic tuberculid 丘疹坏死性结核疹P.O.:per os 经口POMC:pro-opiomelanocortin 内啡肽-促黑素－促皮质 素前体POMR:problem-oriented medical record 以问题为中 心的医案记录PP:pellagra preventive 抗糙皮病（因子）（即烟酰
胺和烟酸）PP:periodic paralyses 周期性麻痹PP:pancreatic polypeptide 胰多肽PPD:purified protein derivative 纯蛋白衍化物（精
制结核菌素）PPLO:pleuropneumonia-like organism 类胸膜肺炎微
生物PR interval:PR间期（心电图）PRA:plasma renin activity 血浆肾素活性（同PRC）PRC:plasma renin concentration 血浆肾素浓度（同
PRA）PRF:prolactin releasing factor 泌乳素释放因子PRIH:prolactin release-inhibiting hormone 泌乳素 释放抑制激素PRIST:paper radio-immuno-sorbent test 试纸放射免
疫吸附试验PRL:prolactin 泌乳素Pro:proline 脯氨酸PROM:premature rupture of the membrane 胎膜早破PRP:progesterone receptor protein 孕酮受体蛋白PRPP:phosphoribosy1 pyrophosphate 焦磷酸磷酸核 糖（合成嘌呤、嘧啶和辅酶alopathy 门－体循环性
脑病PSGN:poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 链球菌
感染后肾小球肾炎PSP:phenolsulfonphthalein 酚磺肽，酚红PSS:progressive systemic sclerosis 进行性系统性
硬化症PST:phthalylsulfathiazole 酞磺噻唑PS(V)T:paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
阵发性室上性心动过速PT:prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间PTA:plasma thromboplastin antecedent(factorⅪ)
血浆凝血活酶前体（凝血因子Ⅺ）PTC:plasma thromboplastin component(factorⅨ ) 血浆凝血活酶组分（凝血因子Ⅸ）PTC:percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram 经 皮肝穿刺胆道造影PTCA:percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty 经皮穿刺冠状动脉管腔内成形术PTH:parathyroid hormone 甲状旁腺素PTT:partial thromboplastin time 部分凝血活酶时间PTU:propylthiouracil 丙基硫氧嘧啶PV:plasma volume 血浆容积PV:polycythemia vera 真性红细胞增多症PVR:peripheral vascular resistance 周围血管阻力PWM:pokeweed mitogen 美洲商陆有丝分裂原PXE:pseudoxanthoma elasticum 弹性假黄瘤PZA:pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺（抗结核药）
＆
的前体）PSA:psoriatic arthritis 银屑病关节炎PSE:portal-systemic enceph
PZI:protamine zine insulin 鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素-q:long arm of chromosome 染色体长臂:perfusion rate 肺血流灌注率Q fever:query fever 疑向热，Q热QRS complex:ventricular depolarization(ECG
waves) 心室除极波（心电图）QT interval: QT间期（心电图）R:roentgen 伦琴（放射剂量单位）:rate of drug elimination 药物排泄率RA:rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎RA:refractory anemia 难治性贫血rad:radiation absorbed dose 拉德（放射吸收剂量）RAI:radioactive iodine uptake test 放射性碘摄取 试验RANA:rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen 类风湿
关节炎核抗原RAS:reticular activating system 网状激活系统RAS:renin-angiotensin system 肾素－血管紧张素系
统RAS:renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄RAST:radio-allergo-sorbent test 放射－变应－吸
附试验RAW:airway resistance 气道阻力RBC:red blood cell 红细胞RBF:renal blood flow 肾血流量RCC:renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌RDA:recommended daily allowance 推荐膳食需要量RDS:respiratory distress syndrome 呼吸窘迫综合征RE system:reticulo-endothelial system 网状内皮系 统REF:renal erythropoietic factor 肾生血因子（即
EPO）REM:rapid eye movement 快眼动（睡眠）rem:roentgen equivalent of man 雷姆，人体伦琴当 量（放射剂量当量）RF:rheumatic fever 风湿热RF:rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子RF:releasing factor 释放因子RFLP:restriction fragment length polymorphism 限
制性内切片断长度多样性Rh:Rhesus group of red cell agglutinogen 猕猴血
型RH:releasing hormone 释放激素RI:respiratory isolation 呼吸道隔离RIA:radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析RIF:release inhibiting factor 释放抑制因子RIH:release inhibiting hormone 释放抑制因子RIND:reversible ischemic neurologic disability
可逆性缺血性神经系统病RIP:radioimmunoprecipitation 放射免疫沉淀RIST:radioimmunosorbent test 放射免疫吸附试验RLD:restrictive lung disease 限制性肺疾病RMP:rifampin 利福平（抗结核及抗麻风药）RNA:ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸RNP:ribonucleoprotein 核蛋白RPGN:rapidly progressive glomerulonephripis 急进