Lesson1
II. Vocabulary
A. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.
1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming
community.
A. straightforwardly B. Notably 显著地；尤其 C. virtually D. exceptionally 2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline,
dependency, isolation, and often poverty.
A. predominant 主要的，卓越的，支配的 B. credulous C. inclusive D.
sustainable
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most
______ of governments.
A. tough B. demanding C. diverse D. Benign亲切地 4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A. prejudice B. verification C. verdict裁定 D. punishment 5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable B. adverse不利的，相反的 C. beneficial D. consequential
6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
A. engage B. pursue C. abandon D. Invoke调用引起，恳求
7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.
A. regime政权政体社会制度 B. hegemony C. complex D. federation
8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside
world.
A. evolve B. constitute 组成，构成，建立 C. tolerate D.
aroused
9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce
resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
A. apparatus机构，组织 B. constitution C. insistence D. promotion
10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought
here from other places.
A. endangered B. domesticated C. indigenous本土的，国产的 D. extinct II. Translation
Put the following passages into Chinese.
1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、
苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly \tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
Lesson 2
II. Vocabulary
Choose the best word from the four choices given to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Would passengers please turn off your electronic devices before the commencement开始of the flight?
A. boarding B. landing C. take-off 起飞 D. check-in 2. My father appreciated the calligraphy书法of the 18th century very much.
A. ideology B. artistry C. philosophy D. Handwriting笔迹书法
3. At first the president threatened to dismiss me, but later he reIented.怜悯
A. softened软化 B. regretted C. withdrew D. altered 4. My grandma is so naive天真as to believe everything she reads.
A. ignorant B. credulous轻信的 C. amiable D. vulnerable
5. The intuition直觉of the language is a must for a competent translator.
A. master B. inspiration C. familiarity D. Sense感觉 6. After being appointed manager, Bob underwent a subtle微妙change in his attitude.
A. enormous B. terrible C. delicate微妙，精湛 D. slight 7. People like to say that knowledge can change one’s destiny.命运
A. career B. fate命运 C. nature D. character 8. The city was almost flattened by the devastating毁灭, earthquake.
A. destructive毁灭性的 B. widespread C. abrupt D. inevitable 9. This medicine should be applied as a remedy. But for external外用use only.
A. short-term B. outside C. oral D. spare 10. The newspaper seeks to be independent of political dogma.教条
A. parties B. influence C. platforms D. Doctrines教义 IV. Translation
Put the following party into Chinese.
1.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love.
苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。
2.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
3.it was awful tasting medicine, but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Don’t lose faith. 良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但不要失去信心。 4.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
我知道，记住你即将死去是避免掉进患得患失陷阱的最佳办法。你已经什么都没有了,你根本没有任何理由不去听从自己的心声。
5.Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t the trapped by dogma--which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your inner voice.
你们的时间很有限，所以不要将它浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要被教条所束缚，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让他人喧嚣的观点淹没了你的心声。 Lesson 4
II. Vocabulary
A Read the following .sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity. A.trust B.request C.examination D.question 2. Discipline in Mr. Brown's class becomes very slack. A.strict B.loose C.serious D.uncontrollable
3. We couldn't believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him. A.malicious B.lethal C.footy D.gentle
4. The winner's complacent smile annoyed some people. A.scornful B.humorous C.contented D.ironical
5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit一the family. A.task B.improvement C.measure D.change
6. A Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be put into practice in California next school year.
A.Primary B.Elementary C.Higher D.Graduate 7.The ambassador presented her credentials to the monarch. A.certificates B.gifts C.statements D.respects
8.It seems that the only way out is to cut some programs and downsize our organization A.make do B.cut short C. lay off D. shut down 9.The invaders were brutish and coarse to the villagers. A.brutal B.fierce C.wicked D.vicious
10.His new theory has caused a sensation throughout the civilized world. A．Success B.reaction C.excitement D.sense IV. Translation
Put the following into Chinese.
1. However, just as exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic police are performing properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly or indirectly to the question \
1、然而，正如如果一个警察正确执法，超速就要吃罚单一样，面试一份吸引人的、进入某一行业的职位的时候，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题：“我们为什么要雇用你？”
2. For someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects are starting to look nasty and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs, hours, and rewards for new employees.
2、对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变得险恶和残酷，而直接的前景就是工作少、时间短，给新员工的工资也减少。
3. Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.3、其他学生可能认为学业课程很难，
要求很高，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要求了。
4. If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses, your knowledge of the job market's demands will help you to make more informed decisions.
4、如果你的学习计划包括许多不同学科的课程，那么你要是了解了就业市场的需求，就能帮助你在获得更多信息的基础上做出抉择。
5. You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers.
5、只要你让老师知道你的想法，你可能会非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。
Lesson 6 II. Vocabulary
A. Read the following sentences and decide winch of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
1. I advocate a holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable无法分割manner.
A. complicated错综复杂 B. unavoidable C. customary D. incomprehensible 2. The romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as a love of the picturesque and sublime nature. A. immense B. fascinating C. magnificent高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 D. enchanting
3. One important feature of the period was the growth of Buddhism. Its adherents拥护者，追随者honored
the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise.
A. sponsors B. supporters支持者 C. advocators D. advisors
4. As censorship was extremely strict in that period, little authentic真正真实可信news came out of the country.
A. negative B. disastrous C. official D. reliable可靠的人
5. If a block of wood is completely immersed浸入in water, the upward force is greater than the weight of the wood.
A. Dipped浸泡 B. pressed C. forced D. pushed
6. According to Zhuangzi. aDaoist philosopher of the late 4th century BC, through mystical union with the Dao the individual could transcend胜过，超越nature and even life and death. A. dissolve B. upraise C. surpass胜过，超越 D. depress 7. As economic growth ground to a halt, the local populations grew more and more disaffected. A. indifferent B. resentful充满愤恨，厌恶 C. unvalued D. indignant 8. Capitalism was beset by cycles of “boom and bust” periods of expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse and waves of unemployment.
A. failure B. transition C. loss D. depression不景气
9. At that time, life was nearly as taxing费力繁重for all-black bands: black musicians were required
to use kitchen entrances and service elevators, which forced them to confront the ugly realities of racial discrimination.
A. miserable B. hard费力繁重 C. unbearable D. harsh 10. Modern and implicit censorship has nothing like the power of the old system and contrary opinion is never entirely stifled.窒息的
A. released B. arrested C. retarded D. prohibited禁止
IV. Translation
Put the following party into Chinese.
1. MihalyCsikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. \can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present,\he writes in his book Good Business. \that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.\
米哈里·奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受” (flow)这个说法, 信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在《称心如意的工作》一书中