他写道: “只要存在强感受因素, 任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点, 从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。”
2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.
但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度产生多大影啊, 这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。
3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. \you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it.\
41岁的马丁娜·蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理, 虽然工作压力大, 但她和同事相处都很好;6年前她换了工作, 到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑, 也得不到老板的赏识。她说: “我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意, 如果工作单位氛围不好, 个人生活就会大受影响。”
4. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.
事实上, 对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然, 不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。哈特认为, 对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异, 员工的个性只起30%的作用, 其他的取决于员工每天与同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。
5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as \their domain and kind of fringe-ish”, says Thomas Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno.
内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯·赖特说, 直到不久前, 企业家们还不愿考虑员工是否工作心情舒畅的问题, 认为这“不属于他们关心的范围, 和他们的职责范围相去甚远”
6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity.
但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。现在看来, 用更广泛的衡量标准来评估快乐感受, 能更有效地预测生产率。
7. But at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transcend it all. It can happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.
但通过关心员工的需求, 至少企业可能发展得更好。那样, 我们更多的人就会在工作中找到一定程度的满足感。而且偶尔我们可能还希望获得最大程度的满足。这种情况可能发生在篮球场上喧闹欢呼的人群前, 也可能发生在教室里, 在仅仅一个充满感激的学生面前。
Lesson 7
II. Vocabulary
A Read the following .sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
1. Since she married her second husband she has lived a life of elegant ease.高雅的 A. wealthy B. refined有教养的 C. careless D. pleasant 2. Some intrepid individuals were still prepared to make the journey.无畏的，勇敢的
A. tough B. fearless无畏的，勇敢的 C. aggressive D. reckless 3. They said on the wedding that they belonged perpetually to each other—for life or forDeath.永恒地，持久地
A. in all B. for good永恒地，持久地 C. on earth D. by far 4. The new model of the sport car is superbly engineered and a pleasure to drive.雄伟的
A. Marvelously奇迹般地，惊讶地，非凡的 B. subtly C. elaborately D. especially
5. The old lady became increasingly fragile after her operation.脆，易碎
A. sensitive B. unreasonable C. weak脆，易碎 D. healthy
6. He deserves perpetual isolation from his species for his churlish inhospitality.脾气坏，吝啬 A. ill-natured活该，值得 B. cherished C. indifferent D. harmful 7. Life in the Aran Islands has always been bleak and difficult.阴冷的，凄凉的
A. peaceful B. dim暗淡，昏暗 C. hard D. needy 8. Nobody likes that old man who bitches about everything.埋怨
A. scolds B. boasts C. complains埋怨 D. dictates
9. The liberal party held a convention to agitate for reforms.摇动，煽动，使不安，使焦虑 A. push摇动，煽动 B. postpone C. propose D. run
10. It’s good news that the Governor and lawmakers are finally talking to each other, however sullenly.阴沉地，不高兴的
A. slowly B. hospitably C. off-handedly D, reluctantly不情愿地 IV. Translation
Put the following party into Chinese.
1. Big surprise, I thought ,tossing the balled-up clipping over my shoulder. That’s up there with “money eases stress\ liars make good writers” and “philanderers make even better liars”. (line 3, para.1) 1. 我认为这个结论太让人吃惊了，然后就把报告团成一团扔在脑后了。以前还有人说：”金钱可以缓解紧张情绪“，”说谎的人能成为好作家“以及”爱情不专一的男人更会说谎。“
2.Last year, she sadly got her wish, far too soon, living just over half as long as the womam who bore her .
可是这一天来得太快了。去年她就不幸实现了自己的愿望。她去世时的岁数只有外婆的一半多一点儿。
3.His main character, Enid Lambert, suffers from a depression that acts as a kind of invisible force field, unconsciously repelling everyone away from her fragile core. Enid complains and sulks, mainipu;ates and cajoles, in order to assuage her fundamental dissatisfaction. 3. 他小说中的主人公艾妮德· 兰伯特所患的抑郁症形成了一个看不见的气场，潜意识中她不准任何人接触那颗脆弱的心灵。艾妮德抱怨、生气、利用别人，并以甜言蜜语来哄骗别人，为的就是缓解自己的不满。
4.She remains intact because her depression protects her from ever truly suffering, the way those around her must. What doesn’t kill you, it seems, moves on to more stubborn quarry.
4. 她能完好无损地活下来，就是因为她的抑郁症保护了她不至经受真正的痛苦，而这种痛苦则是她周围的人所必须承受的。看来击不垮你的东西会成为更棘手的猎物。看来，经常的顽固的打击是不会打垮你的。
5. So, hit the snooze, the bottle or the skids. Resume bitching, chin down, carry the hatchet, under rug nothing. Life is hard and then you…sigh.Heavily.
5. 你可以睡觉，可以酗酒，可以不求进取。你还可以接着抱怨，可以心情不爽，也可以拿起你的武器来反击，不用躲躲藏藏。生活是艰难的，那么你可以叹息，重重地叹息。 Lesson 8
II. Vocabulary
A Read the following .sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.
1. The company began aggressive advertising campaigns, increased its variety of beers, and further expanded its markets. By 1991 Coors beer was available in all 50 states. It also worked to improve its image and quell ongoing boycotts.减轻，消除
A. investigate B. condemn C. crush压碎，镇压 D. forbid
2. With his strong right-wing views, and close affiliation to the military, he’d long been regarded as a sworn enemy of the people.友好关系，加入，联盟，从属关系
A. emotion B. association联盟 C. communication D. reaction
3. Adams supported what became known as the Boston tea party, and thereafter he firmly supported the patriotic measures that led step to American independence.爱国的
A. passionate B. moderate C. radical D. nationalistic爱国的
4. The best hope is that we will have a rapid mobilization of international opinion insupport of the movement.动员，调动
A. calling up呼叫 B. bringing up C. catching up D. getting up
5. When he was there, he often gave food and coins to the destitute children who lived on the street. 穷困的
A. deserted B. Poor穷困的 C. homeless D. despaired
6. Combining social commentary with rhythmic lyrics, heavy bass beats, and remixed or original melodies, rap is one of the most controversial of black musical forms.
A. words歌词 B. Music C. hand D. dance
7. The history of newspapers, magazines, and other publications in the country has varied. depending upon the level of censorship in the ruling government.审查制度，审查机构 A. support B. sponsor C. control D. restoration
8. The cause of the incidence has been kept off the air in the radio by the administration. A. secret B. not broadcasted停播C. publicized D. not known
9. He took out a court injunction against the newspaper demanding the return of the document.法院禁令，命令，劝告
A. sentence B. bias C. suspension D. order命令，劝告 10. A great cheer went up from the crowd as they caught sight of their idol. A. figure B. idea C. hero英雄 D. foe IV. Translation
Put the following into Chinese.
1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it.
每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works.
改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。
3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.
结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。
4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?
这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？
5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a \young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established.
一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。
Lesson 12 II. Vocabulary
A. Read die following sentences and decide which of die four choices Mow each sentence is closest hi meaning to the underlined word.
1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.伤心悲痛
A. was distressed伤心悲痛B. was distributed C. was defeated D. was diminished 2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.碰撞，冲突 A. countered B. conflicted打斗 C. corresponded D. contested 3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.散发
A. originates起源于 B. suffers C. vanishes D. transmits
4. At the press conference, the crazy teenagers fully displayed their infatuation for their favorite movie stars. 迷恋，醉心
A. delusion B. passion酷爱 C. miracle D. inflation 5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues arc all sacred buildings.神圣
A. spiritual B. earthly C. holy神圣 D. secular 6. The dinner table was gorgeous with silver, rare china, and flowers.炫目
A. beautiful B. luxurious C. lavish D. abundant
7. Mr. Nathan lamented the fact that for 40 years Israel had been saying it had no one to talk to and now that the other side was prepared to talk. Israel refused.痛恨，悔恨
A. recognized B. complained诉苦 C. Stated D. revealed
8. Western efforts to keep criminal money out of the banking system are based on the premise that banks can identify their customers, even when they act through nominees.
A. constitution B. insurance C. prediction D. presupposition假定 9. The committee undertook a comprehensive diagnosis of the city’s problem.诊断，分析 A. embrace B. survey U. C. investigation D. analysis诊断，分析
10. The frequent hurtful, infantile arguments between couples will inevitably lead to disaster幼稚的
A. innocent B. mutual C. simplistic D. childish幼稚的 IV. Translation
Put the following into Chinese.
1.当两个人把抽时间相聚当成第一要事的时候，一个美满的婚姻就开始了。如果我们希望找到爱，首先我们必须找到时间去爱。
2. Unfortunately ,current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called”self-actualization’ to “us-actualization”.We have to learn to put time where love is.
2.令人遗憾的是，当代心理学都依靠独立的自我模式。要使婚姻持久，我们就必须克自我为中心。我们必须超越亚伯拉罕.马斯洛声称的“自我实现”，做到“共同实现”。我们要必须会把时间放在爱上。
3.How we see our partners often depends more on how we are than how they are. Husbands and wives are not audience, but participant observers in each other's lives.
3.我们如何看待对方通常更多地取决我们是谁而不是他们是谁。丈夫和妻子不是观众，而是和彼此的生活相关的观察者。
4.This argument illustrates (show) how some people spend their marriages struggling to change a spouse's mind. People in lasting-love marriages begin with the premise that there are many realities. They learn to accept different points of view.
4.这一争吵表明一些人如何把婚姻耗费在努力改变对方的想法上的。持久爱情婚姻中的夫妻做事始于这样的前提：生活中有很多现实情况，他们学会了接受不同的观点。
5.As one husband told me, \or No. 2. If you fight for yourself, only you can win. When you fight for your marriage, you both win.\
6. There is a powerful healing energy that emanates from loving. Lasting love can learn to sense (feel) it, send (give) it and make it grow. We are energized by love if we put our energy into loving.
6.源于爱的治愈力是无穷的。持久的爱能够懂得如何感悟爱、给予爱并使之茁壮成长。如果我们给爱注入能量，我们就能从中汲取能量。
7.Marriage is designed primarily for giving rather than taking. It is meant to be a permanent union of two unselfish people.
7. 婚姻的本质是给予而不是索取。它应该是两个无私的人之间永久的结合