毕业设计（论文）任务书
毕业设计（论文）题目： 单片机控制直流电机的变速设计
专业： 机电一体化 毕业设计（论文）的内容要求：
1. 有利于自动化，减少投资，提高生产率，稳定产品质量
2. 功能更强、性能更好
3.了解应用整机连接及性能测试。
指导教师（签名）： 系主任：
年 月 日
目录
第一章 总体设计方案································································································· 1 1.1方案选取······················································································································1 1.1.1方案一：PWM波调速·······························································································1 1.1.2方案二：晶闸管调速······························································································2 第二章 单元模块设计································································································· 3 2.1 H桥电路方案设计······································································································3 2.2 调速设计方案···········································································································4 2.3系统硬件电路设计······································································································5
2.3.1电源电路···········································································································5 2.4 H桥驱动电路··············································································································5 2．5基于霍尔传感器的测速模块····················································································6 2．6 LCD显示模块············································································································7 2.7 调速设计模块···········································································································8 2.8测速软件设计············································································································10 第三章 系统功能调试································································································· 11 3.1调试软件介绍············································································································11 3.2直流电机的调速功能仿真························································································12 3.3电机速度的测量并显示功能仿真 ···································································································· 13 3.4系统的电路原理图 ···································································································································· 13 设计总结···························································································································14 参考文献···························································································································17 附录···································································································································18
毕业设计开题报告
一、课题设计（论文）目的及意义
在现代电子产品中，自动控制系统，电子仪器设备、家用电器、电子玩具等等方面，直流电机都得到了广泛的应用。大家熟悉的录音机、电唱机、录相机、电子计算机等，都不能缺少直流电机。所以直流电机的控制是一门很实用的技术。直流电机，大体上可分为3类：几相绕组的步进电机、永磁式换流器直流电机、伺服电机、
直流电机具有良好的启动性能和调速特性，它的特点是启动转矩大，最大转矩大，能在宽广的范围内平滑、经济地调速，转速控制容易，调速后效率很高。与交流调速相比，直流电机结构复杂，生产成本高，维护工作量大。适用范围：直流调速器在数控机床、造纸印刷、纺织印染、光缆线缆设备、包装机械、电工机械、食品加工机械、橡胶机械、生物设备、印制电路板设备、实验设备、焊接切割、轻工机械、物流输送设备、机车车辆、医疗设备、通讯设备、雷达设备、卫星地面接受系统等行业广泛应用。
我认为设计一个直流电机调速系统，不论是从学习还是实践的角度，对一名机电一体化专业的大学生都会产生积极地作用，有利于提高学习热情。
二、课题设计（论文）提纲
（1）收集相关资料并仔细研读和思考。
（2）提出几种设计方案，对提出的设计方案进行比较和论证，确定最佳设计方案。 （3）产品的设计与组装 （4）整机连调及性能测试。 （5）整理资料，编写设计论文。
三、课题设计（论文）思路、方法及进度安排
（一）思路方法：
要完成本次毕业设计，首先要对产品的结构和零部件有一定的了解，对产品内部结构和性能都要进行了解。再对产品实体进行解析，做到对产品相当的熟悉之后再进行设计和工艺工装的分析。
按照自顶向下，由总提到部分的设计原则，首先针对所设计的任务要求，根据所
掌握的知识和资料，从全局出发，明确总体功能和各部分功能画出一个能表示各单元电路功能和总体工作的原理框图，然后进行电路的硬件.软件的分析和程序的编程设置。
（二）进程安排
第一周：写开题报告，提出几种设计方案进行并进行方案论证，确定最佳设计方案。 第二周：对设计方案进行数学建模，通过相关数学推导和计算，确定相关元器件的参数及型号。
第三周：设计硬件电路。
第四周：程序设计并连接硬件电路。 第五周：硬件电路的整机调试及性能测试。 第六周：整理资料，撰写设计论文，准备答辩。
1.1方案选取
山东华宇职业技术学院毕业设计用纸
第一章 总体设计方案
1.1.1方案一：PWM波调速
采用由达林顿管组成的H型PWM电路（图1—1）。用单片机控制达林顿管使之工作在占空比可调的开关状态，精确调整电动机转速。这种电路由于工作在管子的饱和截止模式下，效率非常高；H型电路保证了可以简单地实现转速和方向的控制；电子开关的速度很快，稳定性也极佳，是一种广泛采用的PWM调速技术。我采用了脉宽调频方式，因为采用这种方式，电动机在运转时比较稳定；并且在采用单片机产生PWM脉冲的软件实现上比较方便。且对于直流电机，采用软件延时所产生的定时误差在允许范围。
图1-1 PWM波调速电路
其结构图如图1—2所示：
图1-2 电机调速系统框图
单片机（PID运算控制器、 PWM模拟发生器） 电机驱动电路 键 盘 显示器 单片机（速度的测量计算、输入 设定及系统控制） 速度采集电路 电机 1