Unit 7 The adventures of Tom Sawyer (1)
【知识要点】
★ 常考短语
1. have a rest 2. think of 3. come along 4. go on doing 5. what a pity 6. in silence 7. after a while 8. turn over 9. trick sb. into doing sth. ★ 知识点讲解
1. Who is the writer of the novel? writer可数名词，意为“作家，作者”，由动词write在词尾加-r构成。
【拓展】部分动词的后面可以加-(e)r或-or构成名词，该名词表示执行该动作的人。 report(报道)→reporter(记者) sing(唱歌)→singer(歌手，歌唱家) swim(游泳)→swimmer(游泳者) drive(驾驶)→driver(驾驶员，司机) invent(发明)→inventor(发明家) visit(参观，访问)→visitor(参观者) 2. On Saturday morning, every boy in the town was happy, except Tom Sawyer. except在此处用作介词，意为：除......之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在 句首。其后可接名词. 代词. 副词. 介词短语和动词不定式。 We have classes every day except Sunday. 辨析：except, besides, but与except for except besides but except for 除去...,除...之外 除...之外还有 除了 除去...之外 强调从整体中除去部分，except后面的部分不包括在整体内。 强调除去一部分还有另外一部分，besides后的部分包括在整体内。 多与no one, nobody, all, who等连用，其余情况下可与except互换。 表示对一个人或者事物先进行一个整体评价，再就局部或细节提出看法或修正。 I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing. There are three more visitors besides me. All but him have gone to Japan.
His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
3. He painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. (1) survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视
The engineers surveyed the coast. 工程人员查看了海岸。
She turned to survey her daughter’s pale face. 她转过头审视女儿苍白的脸。 【拓展】survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量 Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report. (v.) Please make a survey about your favorite festival and fill out the form. (n.) (2) progress 不可数名词，意为：进展，常用短语如下：
make progress 取得进展 make great progress 取得很大进步 After some period of practice, you will make great progress. (3) rest 名词，意为：休息 have/take a rest 休息一下
【拓展】①rest作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物 the rest of 剩余的...， 作主语时谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致。
The rest of the apples have gone bad. 剩余的那些苹果坏了。 The rest of the apple has gone bad. 那个苹果的剩余部分坏了。 ②rest也可作动词，意为：休息，歇息 The workers stopped to have a rest. We rested for an hour after lunch.
4. Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play. think of 意为：想象到，想出，考虑。后面接名词. 代词或动名词。 Can you think of any other way to do it? We’re thinking of moving house. 【拓展】①think of 还可意为：认为
What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film?
②由think构成的其他短语：think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 5. He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. come along 意为：出现，来到 Do you want to come along? Take any job opportunity that comes along. 6. He picked up his brush and went back to work. pick up 意为：拾起，捡起 He picked up his cap from the floor. There is a book on the floor. Please pick it up.
【拓展】pick up还有“（用车）接（人或物）；（车辆）中途搭（人）”之意。 The car stopped and picked me up. 车停了，我上了车。 I’ll come to pick you up. 我会开车来接你的。 7. What a pity!
这是一个感叹句，其结构为: what+a/an+可数名词单数！ pity名词，意为：可惜，遗憾
It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances.
【拓展】 pity还可做不可数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心 take pity on sb. 同情某人 I'm hoping some kind people will take pity on me. I felt pity for the poor old man.
8. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day? chance此处用作名词：机会，可能性，常用短语：
take a chance 冒险，碰运气 have/get a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事 Don't take a chance to cheat in the exam.
I finally got a chance to stand at the front of fashion. 9. Then he went on painting. go on doing sth. 不停地做某事，继续做某事（前后做的是同一件事） go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事（做另一件事，前后做的不是同一件事） go on with sth. 继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况） The students went on talking and laughing all the way . Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one. He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story. 10. Ben watched Tom in silence. in silence 意为：沉默地，无声地
The students are waiting for their teacher in silence.
11. After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?” (1)while在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间 Let’s have a rest for a while. (2)do some painting 粉刷，刷油漆
该短语中v-ing为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。表示做某事需要一段时间或 反复进行的动作。类似的短语还有：
do some cleaning 做清洁工作 do some cooking 做饭菜 do some washing 洗衣服 do some shopping 购物 12. Aunt Polly warned me to do it well. warn动词，意为：警告，提醒 warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（别）做某事 They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. He warned me not to tell others his secrets. 13. I’ll give you half my apple. half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词. 物主代词或指示代词之前。 Half the workers come from Shandong.
【拓展】①half还可做名词，意为：一半，其复数形式为halves。 The journey takes an hour and a half.
②half of... 意为：半数的……，此结构作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词of后 的宾语在数上保持一致。 Half of the students are from China. Half of his life is spent making inventions. 14. Without making a noise or sound. without介词,意为：无，没有。后接名词，代词或动名词。
Fish can’t live without water. He left without saying a word.
15. trick other boys into doing the work for him. trick 此处用作动词，意为：诱使，哄骗 trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
They tricked me into making a great mistake. 他们骗我犯了一个大错。 【拓展】trick作名词，意为：诡计，花招 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人 He got into the castle by a trick. 他耍了个花招混进了城堡。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. 休息一下 ________________ 2. 想象到 ________________ 3. 出现 ________________ 4. 过了一会儿 ________________ 5. 取笑 ________________ 6. in silence ________________ 7. what a pity ________________ 8. pick up ________________ 9. go on doing sth. ________________ 10. trick sb. into doing sth. ________________ Ⅱ.选择可以替换划线部分的最佳选项
1. He always sleeps in class, so his classmates often make fun of him. A. punish B. cheat C. help D. laugh at 2. When Jason was painting the wall, some boys came along and wanted to join him. A. appeared B. came C. arrived D. noticed 3. After supper, Bob continued working. A. stopped B. kept on C. went on D. finished 4. During the lecture, the class sat quietly and listened carefully. A. comfortably B. calmly C. tiredly D. in silence 5. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day? A. possibility B. opportunity C. luck D. time 6. Have you read the book called The Adventures of Tom Sawyer yet? A. said B. named C. talked 7. All the boys had fun playing soccer except Jack.
A. with B. including C. not including 8. If it goes on raining, the houses will be drowned.
A. stops B. starts C. continues 9. After the hard working, Tom gained great success in his study. A. got B. paid C. passed 10. Who is the author of this novel?
A. owner B. writer C. reader Ⅲ.根据句意及首字母提示填词。
1. The playground is over 120 y____________ long. 2. The wall gained two c_____________ of painting at last. 3. We have worked for hours. What about having a r______________ ? 4. You should read as many English books as p_______________ . 5. The w_____________ of the story is Mark Twain. Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. He was getting more and more _________ (interest) in the subject. 2. Children must _________ (warn) to stay away from main roads. 3. Let him _________ (have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. 4. Can you show me the right way _________ (out) the problem? 5. Without _________ (say) a word, he left here angrily. 6. All the kids enjoyed _________ (they) at the party. 7. The Children’s Palace opened many lessons of _________ (paint) in the summer holiday.
8. My teacher’s _________ (encourage) words gave me much help when I was in trouble at that time.
9. Have you read any books _________ (write) by Mark Twain? 10. The man was _________ (set) free at last. Ⅴ.单项选择
1. Because of Project Hope, _____________ children get better education. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. Thousands of 2. I found ____________ very difficult ___________ a car. A. it; drive B. this; to drive C. this; driving D. it; to drive 3. We all went swimming ____________ Tom because he was ill at home. A. with B. besides C. except D. beside 4. A group of volunteers go to the Green Lake Park to ____________ litter every month. A. stay up B. put up C. show up D. pick up 5. Yesterday morning Tom hurried to class_________ his schoolbag,so he had to share Mary’s. A. without B. for C. with D. past 6. Smoking is bad for your health.You’d better____________ . A. give up it B. give it up C. take out it D.take it out 7. ---Ben looks so bad!