---He__________ in the school __________ his haircut. A. was made fun of; because B. was made fun of; because of C. made fun of; because D. made fun of; because of 8. I ____________ him to work hard and to try for the exam. He looked confident again. A. encouraged B. made C. let D. forced 9. The robber hit and __________ Mr. Zhang and took away his wallet. A. knocked up B. knocked out C. knocked at D. knocked on 10. Tim gets A grade in every exam and he ____________ to be the cleverest in our class. A. is considered B. is considering C. condiers D. considered Ⅵ.语法填空
We are all busy talking about and ___1___ (use) the Internet, but how many of us ___2___ (know) the history of the Internet? Many people are ___3___ (surprise) when they find that the Internet was not set up in the 1960s. At the time, computers were large ___4___ expensive. Computer networks didn’t work well. If one computer in the network broke ___5___, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by any different computers. If part of the network was working,
information could be sent ___6___ another part. In this way the computer networks system would keep on ___7___ (work) all the time. The Internet was only used by the government in the 1960s, but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use
it too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. ___8___ the start of 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made “surfing” the Internet more ___9___ (adj.方便的) Today it is easy to get online and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. ___10___e-mail is more and more popular among students. The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people’s life.
Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (2)
【语法专项】— 定语从句
一. 概念：
1. 定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 2. 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is dancing. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is dancing. （定语从句）
被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是______________， 称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先 行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当___________。 二. 具体用法：
1. 由who, that和which引导的关系从句，其前面一定有一个表示人或物的名词或代 词。这个被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。当先行词指人时，由who或that引导； 当先行词指物时，由which或that引导。 I don’t know the boy who is playing football. The film which we saw last night was wonderful. Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
2. that引导的关系从句，其先行词可以表示人，也可以表示物。 The coat that I put on the desk is blue. （that指物，=which）
The boy that visited our school yesterday is from England. （that指人，=who） 3. who, that和which在关系从句中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。作主语时关系代词 不可以省略；作宾语时，that和which可以省略。
The man who lives next to us is a policeman. （who作主语，不能省） He is the man that I visited last week. （that作宾语，可以省） 三. 定语从句中只能用that的情况：
1. 先行词为all, much, nothing, none, something, everything等不定代词时。 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most interesting story that he told.
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few, any, no等词修饰时。 This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 4. 先行词里同时含有人或物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 四. 定语从句中不宜用that的情况： 1. 关系代词前有介词时。
This is the room in which my father lived. 这是我父亲住过的房间。 2. 非限制性定语从句中。
He has a son, who works in a hospital. 他有一个儿子，在一家医院工作。 3. 先行词本身是that或those时。
The clock is that which tells us the time. 钟表是告诉我们时间的。
【语法专练】
一. 用关系代词who/which/that填空。
1. This is the professor _________ taught me Chemistry in 1980 . 2. The hospital _________ was built five years ago has been modernized. 3. The film _________ we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 4. Do you know the student _________ was praised at the meeting? 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _________ he had visited. 6. He is the person ______ helped me. 7. That’s the computer ______ broke down.
8. We’re not the students ______ won the bad-Minton match. 9. They’re the socks ______ are on sale this week. 10. This is the train _______ goes to Shenzhen.
11. This is the second article ________ I have written in English. 12. It is the best film _______he has ever seen. 13. This is the very book _______ I want to read. 14. All ______ they told me surprised me.
15. The weather turned out to be very good, _______is more than we could expected. 二. 单项选择
( ) 1. The man _____you saw in the street is Tommy. A. which
B. whose C. that D. as
( ) 2. Is this the museum _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. who B. which C. the one D. whom ( ) 3. The boy _____ has an interesting story book.
A. who sit next to you B. which sits next to you C. whom sits next to you D. that lives next to you ( ) 4. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been to. A. who B. that
C. where D. when
( ) 5. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us. A. which B. that C. as D. who ( ) 6. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where ( ) 7. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
( ) 8. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which ( ) 9. I am the only one ______ can do it right.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom ( ) 10. This is the best film ______I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom ( ) 11. All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom ( ) 12.Take care of the boy and the dog ____ are crossing the street. A. which B. who C. that D. whom ( ) 13. Finally, the thief handed everything____ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that ( ) 14. That’s the only thing ___ can’t be forgotten in my life. A. that B. which C. who D./ ( ) 15. New York, ______ I visited last year, is a nice city.
A. which B. where C. when D. it ( ) 20. He is an estate businessman ____ loves climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which
Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 定语从句
一．定语从句的理解：
用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is dancing. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is dancing. （定语从句）
被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是______________， 称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。
附：关系词与先行词的关系：
关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。 定语从句中常用的关系词有：
关系代词 who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物) that / whose (先行词表示人或物)
关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；
可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which…） 关系副词 when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因) 关系副词在从句中充当状语。
二. 定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词.
关系代词：that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格 whose) 关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分。 e.g: The man （who lives next to us） is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 （）定语从句
关系代词who连接主句和从句，同时在从句中代替the man,充当从句的主语。 （初中阶段我们重点学习关系代词引导的定语从句。）
三. 关系代词的用法 1、 who/whom
who和whom都可以指人，who在定语从句中做主语或宾语，whom做宾语；做宾语时都可省略。 e.g: I don’t know the boy (who is playing football) 作主语
The girl (whom/who we met yesterday) is Tom’s sister. 作宾语（作宾语可以省略） 2、 whose
whose是who和which的所有格形式，表示“…的”，指可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 e.g: This is my sister (whose hair is yellow). I have a bedroom (whose window is large). 3、 which
which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。
e.g: The building (which stands near the train station) is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film (which we saw last night) was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） 4、 that
that 既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 e.g: Mary likes music (that is quiet and gentle). 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that指物，=which, 作主语） The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that指物，=which, 作宾语） The boy (that visited our school yesterday) is from England. 昨天来我们学习参观那个男孩来自英格兰。（that指人，=who, 作主语） He is the man (that I visited last week).
他就是我上周拜访的那个人。（that指人，=who/whom, 作宾语）