北京大学1999外科学考研试题
考生需知:
1.A型题每题仅一个正确答案。
2.X型题中每题可能不止一个答案,考生须将答案组合用大写英文字母表示并填入答题中相应的空格内。 A=1+2+3 B=1+3 C=2+4 D=4
E=1+2+3+4
3.本考卷满分为100分,凡报考外科学专业硕士均需回答里部试题。 一、外科基础部分(20分) K型题
1.With regard to the acid-buffering system of the
extraccllular fluid,which of the following statements is/are true?
(1) The bicarbonare-carbonic acid system is the primary extracellular buffering system.
(2) The ratio of the base bicarbonate to carbonic acid determines the extracelluler fluid pH.
(3) The functions of the extracellular buffering system are expressed in the Heerjersoon-Hasselbalce equation.
(4) A bicarbonate-carbonic acid ratio of 20:1 is associated with a normal pH(7.4)
A型题
2.The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is properly expressed by which equation?
A.Pk=pH-logBHCO3 /H2CO3 B.Pk=pH-logH2CO3,/BHCO3 C.pk=PK+log H2CO3,/BHCO3 D.Ph=PK+ogBHCO3/H2CO3
E.None of the aboveequations is correctly expressed. 3.With regard to total body water which of the following statements is /are false?
A.50 to 70% of total body weight is warter
B.In general,the percentage of body weigth that is water is higher in males than in females
C.Lean individuals have a greater proportion of
water(relative to body weight)than do obese dividuals. D.The percentage of total body weight that is water increases with age.
E.Body water is divided into extraccllualr (i. e.
intravascular and interstitial) and intracellular functional compartments
4.With regard to metabolie acidosis and alkalosis,which of the following statemnts is/are true?
A.Metabolic acidosis results from retention of fixed acid or a loss of bicarbonate, which causes a fall in the numerator of the Henderson Hasselbalch ratio leading to a ratio of less than 20: 1.
B.Metabolic alkalosis results from a loss of fixed acid or a gain of bicarbonate, causing an increase in the numerator of the Hendson Hasselbalch ratio and leading to a ratio of greater than 20:1
C.In metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, slow compensation occurs via renal mechanisms
D.All the above statements are true
5.With regard to hyperkalemia.which of the following starements is/are true?
A.The signs and sympotoms of hyperkalemia are primary neuromuscular
B.The intravenous administration of sodium lactate. calcium gluconate and dextrose-insulin solutions can produce a rapid fall in serum pottasium levels
C.Cation-exchange resins administered by rectum are the trearnent of choice for a rapid rise in the level of serum potassium
D.Gastrointestinal symptoms in the presence of hyperkalemia should rise suspicion of concomitant hypercalcemia E.None of the above statements is true 6.下列哪科肿瘤对放射疗法最敏感: A.鳞状上皮癌 B.乳腺癌
C.恶性淋巴癌 D.胃癌 E.骨肉癌
7.下列哪项是行呼气末正压通气(PEEP)的指征: A.深度缺氧 B.肺不张
C.心输出量下降 D.严重胸壁外伤 E.显著的生理分流
8.以下哪项为适当肺泡通气的最可靠指标: A.动脉血CO2分压 B.动脉血氧分压 C.动脉血氧饱和度
D.碱储备
E.无紫绀现象
9.休克状态经有效治疗后下列器官中哪一个最后恢复到休克前机能状态: A.大脑 B.心脏 C.肺 D.肝 E.胃
10.钙排出体外可经: A.尿 B.粪 C.汗
D.以上三种途径 E.呼出气 11.K型题
急性颅压过高的表现是: (1)心率减慢 (2)呼吸频率减慢 (3)外展神经麻痹 (4)少尿 12.K型题
脂肪栓塞的临床表现是: (1)谵妄
(2)心动过速 (3)皮肤瘀斑 (4)休克肺 A型题
13.下面例举的溶血性输血反应病人的常见症状中哪项是错误的: A.弥慢性出血和低血压 B.腰背酸痛 C.发热寒战 D.多尿 E.呼吸困难
14.挤压综合征主要是指伤后出现: A.呼吸困难 B.休克 C.昏迷
D.肾功能衰竭 E.心力衰竭
15.有关外科感染下列哪项叙述是错误的: A.疖是毛囊与临近的皮脂腺化脓感染 B.痈是多数散在不相关联的疖病
C.丹毒是皮内网状淋巴管的炎性疾病 D.急性蜂窝织是皮下结缔组织的感染
E.脓肿是指急性或慢性感染后局限性脓液积聚 16.败血症病人应用激素下列哪项说法不正确: A.激素可以稳定细胞及溶液酶体膜免受内毒素破坏 B.大剂量激素对心脏发挥正性肌力作用
C.适当应用激素可以减少败血症合并症发生率 D.激素应当从大剂量开始 E.要取得疗效至少要连用5天
17.影响烧伤病人预后的最重要因素是: A.烧伤深度
B.面部及颈部烧伤 C.是否曾发生休克 D.焦痂的收缩 E.烧伤的面积
18.下列哪项是所有休克的根本特征: A.低血压 B.心动过速
C.组织灌流不足 D.少尿 E.低氧血症
19.下列哪种疾病不是因输血感染的: A.乙型肝炎 B.猩红热 C.梅毒 D.疟疾 E.布氏菌病
20.下述哪种病人的同种异体植皮可获长期存活: A.无丙种球蛋白血症 B.阿迪森氏病 C.晚期恶性肿瘤 D.大面积烧伤 E.尿毒症
二、普通外科学部分(20分) A型题
1.有关甲亢下列哪项描述是错误的: A.继发性甲亢的发病年龄较原发甲亢晚
B.原发甲亢患者体内LAIS及TSI均属G类免疫球蛋白 C.青少年甲亢患者为手术禁忌症
D.术前准备碘剂的作用是抑制蛋白水解酶
E.血清T4升高较明显对诊断甲亢有较高敏感性 2.有关甲状腺癌下列哪项正确:
A.乳头状腺癌发生率最高,多见青年男性单发结节 B.滤泡状腺癌多见青年男性单发结节
C.未分化癌发展迅速,属高度恶性,一经发现应立即手术
D.髓样癌多发生在滤泡旁细胞,手术切除可促使癌肿扩散,一般不用手术治疗 E.有些甲癌病人肺、骨髓的转移为突出症状 3.乳腺癌最容易发生骨转移的部位: A.骨盆 B.椎体 C.桡骨 D.股骨 E.颅骨
4.有关乳腺癌下列描述哪项不正确: A.最易发生在40-60岁 B.最易发生肺转移 C.最多见于外上象限
D.炎性乳癌恶性程度最高 E.Paget病较早出现LN转移 5.有关嵌顿疝下列哪项正确:
A.嵌顿的小肠Meckel憩窒常称为Richter疝 B.Littre是指肠管壁疝
C.嵌顿肠管可包括几个肠袢,疝囊内各嵌顿肠袢的肠管可隐藏在腹腔内,称为逆行性嵌顿 D.手术处理嵌顿或绞窄时,将所见坏死肠管切除即可,不必再探查其它肠管 E.以上均正确
6.有关消化性溃疡下列哪项正确:
A.胃十二肠溃疡大出血是溃疡侵蚀粘膜表面血管破裂的结果 B.胃溃疡大出血溃疡多位于胃小弯 C.50%病人可出现第二次大出血 D.30%病人需要外科手术 E.以上均正确
7.有关应激性溃疡下列哪项正确: A.Curling 溃疡多继发于脑外伤 B.Cushing溃疡继发于烧伤
C.胃十二指肠钡餐检查阳性率为30%-40% D.纤维胃镜是最可靠的检查方法 E.应激性溃疡一经发现应立即手术
9.胃癌发生呈跳跃式转移时,下列哪项正确: A.常发生在恶性中等程度的癌
B.最常见的是通过肝圆韧带淋巴管转移到脐周围 C.也可通过胸导管转移到左、右锁骨上淋巴结 D.此种病人常失去手术机会 E.以上均正确
10.男性,38岁,胃部不适一年,胃镜及B超检查均提示胃占位,活检报告非何结金氏恶性淋巴瘤,探查见胃体大弯4.0cm肿物,圆形,表面尚光围未见肿大淋巴结,探查其它部位未见转移,治疗方法为:
A.根治性胃大部切除术(D2)
B.以肿瘤为中心的胃部分切除术+术后化疗 C.胃大部切除术+术后放疗