许多轮船在那些岩石上触礁。
11 33.Either he or you are responsible for the failure．
18.Every substance known to us has the form of a solid，a liquid or a gas． 我们了解的每一种物质都有固态、液态和气态三种形式。 19.The rest of the class were against the plan． 班上其余的人反对这项计划。
20.Most of what we know about the world comes to us through our ability to“see”with our eyes，our telescopes，and our microscopes．
我们对世界的认识大部分是通过我们用眼睛、望远镜或显微镜“观察”的能力获得的。21.Half of the equipment is new． 一半设备是新的。 22.Well over half of the total output by weight of the world petrochemical industry is in the form of plastics and resins and more than three-quarters accounted for by this broad group together with synthetic fibres and synthetic rubbers． 世界石化工业的总产量，按重量计，其一半以上是塑料和树脂，加上合成橡胶共占3／4以上。
23.All of the different kinds of science are important and interesting． 所有多种多样的科学都很重要而且有趣。
24.A11 but 20 of the over 100 elements identified to date are metals。 在迄今为止已确认的100多种元素中，除20种外，其它元素都是金属。
25.A number of other things such as wood，plants and oil are made very largely of carbon． 其他许多东西如木头、植物和油的大部分都由碳组成。 26.The errors accumulate when a number of items are added together in this way． 用此方法把各项数字相加时，误差也会累加。
27.The number of people at the meeting was two hundred． 出席会议的人数为二百。
28.More than one person was injured in the accident． 事故中受伤的不止一个。
29.The United Nations was founded in 1945． 联合国创建于1945年。 30.Communist Party of China was founded in 1921． 中国共产党成立于1921年。
31.Neither criticism nor praise affects him． 批评、表扬对他都不起作用。 32.Not only the student but also the teacher is to be questioned． 不仅学生，而且老师都要受到盘问。
他或你应对这次失败负责。
34.Are you or he going to do it? 是你还是他去做这件事?
35.One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer in-tended．
一般要对一、两件样品进行测试，证明部件强度已达到设计师的要求。 36.Jack is one of those persons who always think they are right． 杰克是那些总认为自己对的人之一。
37.He is the only one of those who wants to try to work out this problem． 他是那些人中唯一想试着解决这个问题的人。
38.One of the most difficult problems to deal with when marketing in foreign countries is culture．
在外国进行销售活动时，文化差异是最难处理的问题之一。
39.Metropolitan areas and tourist spots have increased in the majority of countries． 在大多数国家都增加了许多大城市和旅游景点。 40.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy． 只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。 41.They have also helped to keep the peace through study and research which has improved life for people everywhere． 他们又通过改善人类生活的研究维持和平。 the editor and the publisher编辑与出版商 the rich and the poor富人与穷人 第九章倒装语序
1.The“lead”of a pencil is made of carbon，coal is made of carbon，and so are diamonds．
铅笔中的“铅芯”是碳组成的，煤是碳组成的，钻石也是由碳组成的。 2.Dick doesn’t know much about physics，and neither does Mary． 迪克不大懂物理，玛丽也不大懂。
3.Nor is he concerned with putting men in the vehicle． 他也不关心这些运载火箭是否载人。
4.So were the insecticides that prevent destruction of crops by insects． 防止庄稼遭受虫害的杀虫剂也是化学实验室里研制出来的。
5.Not only did he complain about the food，he also refused to pay for it．
他不仅抱怨食物，也拒绝付钱。
12 environment，the more rapid is the transfer of heat．
6.Not only must we seek efficient methods to produce energy to the world population，but we must ensure that these developments don’t have undesirable or even disastrous effects on our environment．
我们不仅必须寻求有效的方法，向全世界的人口提供能量，而且我们还必须确保，这些能源的开发对我们的环境不具有不利的或者甚至灾难性的影响。
7.NO sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest． 我们一到达山顶就坐下来休息。
8.Scarcely had he gone out when it began to rain． 他刚出门，天就开始下雨。
9.In no case are you to leave your post．在任何情况下你都不得离开岗位。 10.0n no account must this switch be touched．绝不要动这个开关。 11.At no time should we lose our vigilance． 我们在任何时候也不要丧失警惕性。
12.In no way can we allow this to continue． 我们决不能让这种情况在继续下去了。
13.Under no circumstances could a thermal power reactor of any type explode like an atomic bomb．
任何一种热动力反应堆，无论如何都不会像原子弹那样爆炸。 14.Only in this way can a good result be achieved． 只有这样才能取得好的结果。
15.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it． 那记号如此之小，我几乎都看不到。 16.To such an extent did the temperature rise that the firemen had to leave the burning house． 温度上升到如此之高，消防人员不得不撤离燃烧着的房子。 17.They could focus accurately enough to determine exactly the location of the source of the waves，should any be detected． 如果可能探测到任何无线电波的话，射电望远镜能够准确聚焦确定波源的方位。 18.Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods． (在这些地区)假如大部分农业人口转移到工业方面去，土地可以用现代化方法耕种，其产量或许会高得多。
19.The greater the temperature difference between the body and its
人体与周围环境的温差越大，热传导就越快。
20.The taller the container，the greater the water pressure will be at the bottom． 容器越高，底部的水压越大。
21.The lower the value per ton of a good，the greater is the percentage addition made to its price by a fixed charge per ton-mile for transport． 由于每吨一哩运输价是固定的，一种货物每吨价格越便宜，由于运输而增加价格的百分比就越大。
22.There is no air on the moon because its gravity is insufficient to retain an atmosphere. 月球上没有空气，是因为其引力不足以保持空气。 23.There are markets for things other than commodities． 除了商品市场外，还有其它市场。
24.They will accomplish this speed-up，because there is apparent scientific obstacle to prevent it。
这个速度是可以实现的，因为没有明显的科学上的障碍。 25.Once upon a time，there lived a man named Joe． 从前，那儿住着一个叫Joe的人。
26.Here comes the bus． 公共汽车来了。
27.After roads come cities． 先有道路，后有城市。
28.And yet this is the result：here a complete mastery of the language，however stupid the child．
然而结果却是：不管学话的幼童多笨，却能完全地掌握语言。
29.Consequently from carbon atoms come two things so different to look at． 结果，两种看起来如此不同的东西都来自碳原子。 第十章强调句
1.Mary bought a tie for John at the department store yesterday morning． 玛丽昨天上午在百货公司为约翰买了一条领带。
(1)It was Mary that／who bought a tie for John at the department store yesterday morning．
(2)It was a tie that Mary bought for John at the department store yesterday morning．
(3)It was for John that Mary bought for John at the department store yesterday morning.
13 (4)It was at the department store that Mary bought a tie for John rapid． 在这种条件下，蒸发显然更为迅速。
yesterday morning．
(5)It was yesterday morning that Mary bought a tie for John at the department store．
2.It is the light that travels to our eyes． 是光进人眼睛。
3.It is this light energy from the sun that warms the earth and enables living things to grow． 正是太阳能温暖着地球，使万物生长。
4.It is the weight of salt on their wings that keeps the birds from flying 5.It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer
be a great food-exporting nation．
几乎可以肯定的是，到2001年，美国将不再是一个粮食输出大国。
6.It must be accepted that no process or mechanism can be 100 per cent safe． 必须公认一切操作过程或机械化不可能是百分之百安全的。 7.It is essential that everybody know what to do 每个人都知道怎么做是非常必要的。
away． 恰恰是因为鸟翼上盐的重量使它无法飞远。
5.It was these special advantages that put men far ahead of all other living creatures in the struggle for existence. 正是这些特别的长处使人类在为生存而作的斗争中，远远超过了所有其他生物。 6.It was not until the nineteenth century that chemists thought seriously of using the earth's supply of organic materials to make other useful materials． 直到十九世纪，化学家们才认真考虑用地球上的有机材料去制造其他有用材料。 7.It is only in the present century that scientists have succeeded in making photographs of small groups of molecules． 只是在本世纪，科学家们才成功地拍摄了微小的分子组片。
8.It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins． 只有当人们依靠限制极严的食物生存时，才有必要补充所缺少的维生素。
9.It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made． 大约在600年前制造出了第一个带钟盘和时针的钟。 第十一章名词性从句
1.When the meeting is to be held is still unknown． 会议什么时候开始还不知道。
2.Whether she will join us won't make too much difference． 她是否参加我们的活动无关紧要。
3.It is true that laser beams are highly dangerous things，probably more dangerous than electricity．
激光束确实是非常危险的东西，或许比电还要危险。 4.It is obvious that under these conditions，evaporation will be much more
8.It's necessary that everyone(should)be here on time． 每个人都需要按时到这儿。
9.It's a great pity(that)they didn’t make a good result． 他们不能取得好成绩是件憾事。
10.It's a question which way is more effective． 什么方法最有效仍是个问题。
11.When we measure energy，we discover that the total amount remains intact． 测量能量时，我们发现总量并未减少。
12.Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods．
经济学家知道，运输线交汇的地方是将原材料加工成成品的好地方。
13.But the writer thinks that everyone needs to know something about science． 但笔者认为每个人都需要懂点科学知识。 14.This explains why you feel cold on a cold day． 这就是人为什么在冬天觉得冷的原因。
15.They will make it clear when the meeting will be held． 他们要去搞清楚什么时候举行会议。
16.This is because the lorry is heavier than the car． 这是因为卡车比小轿车重。
17.This is why people prefer to hang out their washing on windy days． 这就是人们为什么喜欢把湿衣服在有风天凉出的原因。 18.That's what the contract system does for you． 这便是合同制内你所做的事情。
19.That process of losing energy is what I mean when I say that water absorbs microwaves.损失能量的过程就是我所说的水吸收微波的过程。
14 20.The greater convenience of petroleum as compared with coal is，however，10.The rocks in which it is found are almost always of ocean origin．
balanced by the fact that petroleum exists on Earth in far smaller
quantities than coal is． 同煤比较起来，石油有很多的便利，但这便利被地球上石油量远比不上煤这一事实所抵消。
21.Many people do not accept this as proof that there are no creatures out there． 许多人并不将此看作是外层宇宙空间不存在生命的证据。 22.The fact that an aeroplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance 含石油的岩石几乎都是海生的。 11.Variations in the temperature，pressure and humidity of the air through which the laser beam passes cause variations in the wavelength． 激光束所穿过的空气的温度、压力和湿度的变化，会引起波长的变化。
12.The angle that is reflected equals the angle at which it strikes the surface． 反射的角度与光射向平面的角度相等。 (The angle that is reflected equals the angle it strikes the surface at．) is absolutely dependable． 飞机要在空中飞行，如果发生故障不能停机，这一事实要求它的性能必须绝对得可靠，因为这是生命攸关的。
23.In spite of the fact there are different kinds of programmes，many people are concerned about television．
尽管有各种类型的节目，很多人对电视还是很担心的。 第十二章定语从句
1.That's the man whom you are looking for．那就是你找的那个人。 2.The atoms which make up matter are mostly empty space． 组成物质的原子其中大部分是空间。
3.The narrowness of the beam is an advantage which enables it to perform special functions． 激光束的狭窄性是使它能够完成特殊功能的一个优点。 4.People who are educated and who have read a lot about foreign countries tend to be more adaptable and tolerant．
受过良好教育、阅读过许多有关外国情况的书的人往往更能适应、更能忍受。 5.An acquaintance of mine who lives in England and had never been outside it until last summer decided to go over to France for a trip． 我有一位熟人常住英国，从未出过国，去年夏天决定到法国去旅游。
6.There are regions on Earth where some petroleum reaches the surface． 在地球上有些地区石油渗透到了地表。
7.Sometimes an explosion takes place in a mine where men are digging for coal． 有的时候，人们正在煤矿中挖煤，发生了爆炸。
8.There's one more reason why you should study math now． 还有一个你现在应学数学的理由。
9.There are scientific ways in which man solves problems． 人类解决问题有一些科学的办法。
13.The force that makes objects float is called buoyancy． 使物体漂浮的力叫浮力。
14.It happened in Lytham，a town on the River Ribble，near to the place where the river flows into the Irish Sea．
故事发生在利瑟姆里布河边的一个小镇，它离这条河入爱尔兰海的地方很近。 15.Foods provide us with the nutrients(that)we need． 食物提供给我们所需要的营养。
16.We can set the controls to the temperature(which)we want． 我们只需调节温度控制器，使其达到我们想要的温度。
17.When a substance is heated, the molecules move faster, which causes that substance to feel hot．
当物质被加热时，其分子会加快运动，使物质变热。 18.When fusion takes place，the hydrogen atoms lose a small amount of mass, which is transferred into energy．
聚变发生时，氢原子失去少量物质，此物质转化为能量。
19.In the 1960's，when astronauts made to reach the Moon，many people believed it could never happen．
在20世纪60年代，宇航员作登陆计划时，许多人认为那不可能的。
20.Satellites，which will be controlled by men on earth，may have many beneficial uses． 由人在地面控制着的人造卫星可能会起到许多有益的作用。 21.Under conditions of intense heat，such as are found at the center of the sun，hydrogen atoms combine to form helium atoms． 在强高温条件下，比如在太阳中心，氢原子聚合为氦原子。
22.Here there is nothing unnatural，such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when are talks about ice and snow in June or scorching
15 heat in January． 而在学校的语言课上，人们往往会发现许多不自然的东西，9.I’ll go out as soon as it stops raining． 雨一停，我就出去。
比如六月天讲述冰与雪，一月份却大谈酷热。
23.The neutrons have the same weight as the protons in a nucleus. 原子核里的中子和质子有相同的重量。
24.Heat may travel in the same way as light does． 热可以和光以同样的方式传播。 25.In the morning the first thing that wakes me up is my telephone ringing． 10.He said that he would study math when he was free． 他说当他有空的时候就去学数学。
11.We still don’t know when the meeting will be held． 我们仍不知道什么时候召开会议。
12.And where there is shale there is likely to be oil． 在有页岩的地方，就有可能有石油。
早上唤醒我的第一样东西是我的电话铃声。
26.The second main factor that influences heat loss is the amount of body surface that is exposed to the air．
第二个影响热量损耗的主要因素是暴露在空气中的人体表层面积的数量。 27.This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen． 这是我看过的足球赛中的最激烈的一场。
28.That's all (that) I know．我知道的就这些。
29.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么事情我可以帮你吗? 第十三章状语从句
1.As the apple falls，it loses potential energy because its height decreases． 当苹果下落时，因其高度下降，便失去其势能。
2.As the temperature of the environment rises，the rate of heat loss from the body becomes less and less．
随着环境温度的升高，热量损失也越来越少。
3.Most materials expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled． 大多数材料会热胀冷缩。
4.When a person is ill with damage to his lungs, he may take in so little air when he breathes that he does not obtain all the oxygen he needs． 如果一个人的肺部有病呼吸时吸进的空气太少以致不能获得所需要的全部氧气。 5.I will tell you the instant I know． 我一知道就立刻告诉你。 6.He left Beijing the day I came． 我来的那天他离开了北京。 7.Each time the water level fell to another line，one more hour had passed． 每当水面触到另一条线时，又一小时过去了。
8.I would push the button and by instant photo copying，instantly there are twelve pages they went into twelve different sections．
我按下按钮，采用高速照像复制，一印出12页，就进入12个不同的部分。
13.Wherever we met with difficulties，they came to help us. 无论我们在什么地方遇到困难，他们都会来帮助我们的。
14.Because the oil burns well，it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this respect．
石油因易于燃烧，被用来作为燃料，而且在某些方面，比煤要优越。
15.Clothing can restrict the transfer of heat from the body because it reduces the area of skin which is exposed。 衣服可阻止热量从人体传出，因为它减少了皮肤暴露的面积从而减少了辐射的热耗。
16.Since the oldest forms of life were all sea life, many scientists believe life began in the sea．
由于生命最初的形式都是海洋生物，所以许多科学家们认为生命起源于大海。 17.In these days of aeroplanes，men study the weather high up in the sky，so that they can tell whether it is safe for aeroplanes to travel in a certain direction． 在当前飞机十分普及的时代，人们研究高空的天气，以便他们可以知道飞机朝某个方向飞行是否安全。
18.They climbed to the top of the hill so that(in order that)they could(might)get a better view of the city．
他们爬上了山顶，以便更清楚地看到这个城市的景色。 19.I am going to make an early start tomorrow so that(in order that)I won't get stick in the traffic． 明天我要早点动身，以免碰上交通阻塞。
20.Therefore，a physicist designs his measuring technique so that disturbance of the quantity measured is smaller than his experimental error． 所以，一位物理学家创造出一种测量方法，使测量值所受干扰小于其实验误差。 21.Sometimes the pressure on the pool is so great that the petroleum gushes high into the air． 有时油藏的压力很大将石油高喷到空中。