I
摘要
自动扶梯应用日益广泛，大型商场，宾馆都已离不开它，且在火车站，机场等也愈大显身手。一个完整的扶梯系统包括电动机，主传动机构，链条机构，以及滚轮，梯级，扶手等。通常把电动机，主传动机构，链条机构以及制动，限速机构设计成一整体，叫做驱动机。
本文驱动机采用整轴式，用蜗杆副作为传动装置。驱动机是自动扶梯的驱动和减速机构，是其主要组成部分。主要功能是驱动扶梯减速运行，完成停车制动，限制超速和逆转运行。驱动机的产品质量直接影响整个扶梯的工作性能，工作状态，运载能力，工作寿命，所以扶梯对驱动机提出了极高的技术要求，研究驱动机，采用高技术设计驱动机，高质量地生产驱动机已成为开发和发展自动扶梯的重要课题。本文还对对蜗杆副进行了较核，计算对键槽进行了受力分析。
关键词：自动扶梯；电动机；机构；制动；驱动机
II Abstract
The range of Escalators includes products for commercial use - in department stores, hotels or offices, as well as those for use in public areas such as railway stations, airports or the underground.A comprehensive system of escalator includes the electric moror,the main
The different specification thickness tubing, the spacingguide screw adjustment quantity size is different. After the caterpillar tractor the axis of a bridgemachine-finishing craft, designs the aggregate machine-tool which onits flange plate six holes drill hole working procedures uses huatai and the foundation.In the design process has consulted the massivedomestic and foreign correlation data, discovered at present does thedesign is a tradition but has the very many practical significance thedesign..
Transmission mechanism ,the chain transimission mechanism and steps,handrails. Usually,get the elector motor,the main transmission mechanism and additional brakes into one ,called the drive. As follows mainly clarifies the as follows main elaborationplastic tubing planet cutter system design.The turning gear cavity is loaded with, is the externalpower supply connects through it with on electric appliance.The drive is the most important part of the escalator ,which effects directly the quality of the escalator.for example ,the drive is the origin of the noise and the vibration produced when the escaltor works.
Keywords : Escalator moror mechanism brake drive
III
目 录
1绪论 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 自动扶梯的基本结构 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 支承部分 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 驱动系统 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.3 运载系统 ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.4 扶手系统 ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.5 电气控制系统 ................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.6安全保护系统 ................................................................................................................. 3 2 驱动机的类型 ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 驱动机应具备的技术条件 ................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1驱动机的组成 ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2 驱动机的技术要求 ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 驱动机主传动机构的选用 .................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 主传动机构的的选择原则和依据 ................................................................................ 5 2.2.2传动机构的性能及对比分析 ......................................................................................... 5 2.3 驱动机的机构形式 .............................................................................................................. 7 2.3.1 立式和卧式驱动机 ...................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 整轴式和分轴式驱动机 .............................................................................................. 7 3 自动扶梯的驱动功率计算 ......................................................................................................... 8 3.1自动扶梯的主要参数 ........................................................................................................... 8 3.2 自动扶梯阻力计算 .............................................................................................................. 8 3.3 自动扶梯的功率计算 ........................................................................................................ 10 4 驱动机主传动结构的设计 ....................................................................................................... 11 4.1 ZC1蜗杆副的定义和传动特点 ........................................................................................... 11 4.2 ZC1蜗杆副的设计与计算 ................................................................................................... 11 4.3蜗轮齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算 ............................................................................................. 12 4.4 ZC1蜗杆副的几何尺寸计算 .............................................................................................. 13 5 驱动机的结构设计 ................................................................................................................... 16 5.1 驱动机结构设计应达到的技术要求 ................................................................................ 16 5.2驱动机整体设计考虑的问题 ............................................................................................. 16 5.2.1 选择机型确定基本结构尺寸 ...................................................................................... 16
IV 5.2.2 外观布置 ...................................................................................................................... 16 5.3 整轴式蜗杆副驱动机蜗杆轴的结构 ................................................................................ 17 5.3.1 轴承及轴承在轴蜗杆上的位置 .................................................................................. 17 5.4蜗杆轴的设计 ..................................................................................................................... 18 5.4.1蜗杆轴的材料 ............................................................................................................... 18 5.4.2确定蜗杆轴的最小直径： ........................................................................................... 18 5.4.3轴的扭转刚度校核计算 ............................................................................................... 19 5.5低速轴的设计 ..................................................................................................................... 19 5.5.1确定低速轴的最小直径： ........................................................................................... 19 5.5.2按弯扭合成强度条件进行轴强度校核 ....................................................................... 20 5.5.3轴的刚度校核计算 ....................................................................................................... 22 5.6键的联接强度计算 ............................................................................................................. 23 5.7 制动系统的设计 .............................................................................................................. 24 6 驱动机的安装工艺 ................................................................................................................... 25 6.1 驱动机安装中应实现的技术指标 .................................................................................... 25 6.2精心调整传动机构的啮合斑点 ......................................................................................... 25 6.3完成图样要求的轴窜量 ..................................................................................................... 25 6.3精心装配，达到“最佳”配合 ......................................................................................... 25 6.4提高表面质量 ..................................................................................................................... 25 6.5制动器，限速器和防逆运转器的安装 ............................................................................. 25 6.6重视跑合工艺 ..................................................................................................................... 25 6.7驱动机安装工艺流程 ......................................................................................................... 25 6.8测量一批零件精度，择优组合 ......................................................................................... 26 6.9 对主要的大尺寸旋转零件做净平衡 ................................................................................ 26 6.10彻底清砂，涂防锈底漆 ................................................................................................... 26 6.11安装轴系零件.................................................................................................................... 26 6.12轴蜗杆与箱体配合 ........................................................................................................... 26 6.13电动机定子与箱体配合 ................................................................................................... 26 6.14装轴承支承压盖和上轴承 ............................................................................................... 26 6.15装配蜗轮，初测驱动机性能 ........................................................................................... 27 6.16跑合 ................................................................................................................................... 27 6.17装限速器与防逆运转器 ................................................................................................... 27 6.18装制动器 ........................................................................................................................... 27 6.19油漆 ................................................................................................................................... 27 6.20安装补充： ....................................................................................................................... 27
V 7 可编程序控制器 ....................................................................................................................... 29 7.1 PC的结构 ........................................................................................................................... 29 7.2 PC的工作原理 ................................................................................................................... 29 7.3 PC的工作方式 ................................................................................................................... 29 8 自动扶梯的PC控制 ................................................................................................................. 31 8.1 自动扶梯的主电路 ............................................................................................................ 31 8.2 自动扶梯的控制线路 ........................................................................................................ 32 8.3 PC控制梯形图 ................................................................................................................... 33 结论 ............................................................................................................................................... 35 致谢 ............................................................................................................................................... 36 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................... 37 附录 ............................................................................................................................................... 38
附录1 ..................................................................................................................................... 38 附录2 ..................................................................................................................................... 54