毕 业 论 文
课题名称学 院专 业班 级指导教师学生姓名学生学号
论《史记》中“女主”吕后的形象 人文学院 汉语言文学教育 2012级2班 邹文贵 于洋
佳木斯大学
12020240228
毕 业 论 文（设 计）用 纸
摘 要
后妃，是帝王的妻妾。由于帝王处于国家的最高统治地位，所以即使是一个默默无闻的平民女子，一朝选在君王之侧，便有可能进入政治中枢。作为君主贤内助的后妃，历史上不乏其人，如周宣王之姜后、辽萧太后等等。但也有些后妃常常走到政治舞台的最前沿，直接参与朝政，形成后妃专权，汉代的吕后、唐代的武则天以及晚清的慈禧太后即为其中的佼佼者，而武则天更是煌煌赫赫，成为中国历史上引人注目的女皇帝。因而，深宫重幕里的白发哀歌，飞檐广殿下的明争暗斗，以至于挟制君王、临朝弄权，给中国的历史增添了几多波折。本文认为中国封建制度及其相关意识形态对女性权益的压制是女性一旦得势即残酷狠毒，贪婪攫取个人权力的根本原因，女性争取权势、地位的内在驱动力正是特殊社会意识对女性压力的一种转化。
关键词：吕后；悲剧；经历；性格
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佳木斯大学教务处 I
毕 业 论 文（设 计）用 纸
Abstract
Hou Fei, is the emperor of Qiqie. Because the emperor in the country's highest ruling position, so even a little-known civilian woman, once kings of the side in the election, is likely to enter the political center. As the monarchy-Neizhu Hou Fei, the history of Bufaqiren, such as Zhou Xuan Wang Kang, Liao Hsiao queen mother, and so on. But there are also some Houfei often come to the forefront of the political arena, directly involved in Zhaozheng, the right to form Hou Fei, the Han Dynasty Lvhou, Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the best, and then - Huanghuanghehe days is to become China's history,striking a female emperor. As a result, Shen Gong-screen, the white-haired Elegy, His Royal Highness the widely Feiyan tinge, so Xiezhi kings, Linzhaonongquan, to the history of China added how many twists and turns. This article holds that China's feudal system and ideology on women's rights and interests related to the suppression of women is that once Deshi brutal vicious, greedy grab the root causes of personal power, women fighting for power, status of the internal driving force of social consio- usness is unique to women of a pressure Conversion.
Key words: Lvhou; tragedies;experience;character
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佳木斯大学教务处 II
毕 业 论 文（设 计）用 纸
目 录
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... II 目 录 ............................................................................................................................................. III 前 言 ............................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 一、吕后形象的传奇性 ................................................................................................................... 1
（一）传奇性释义 .................................................................................................................... 2 （二）传奇性表现 .................................................................................................................... 6 二、吕后性格的刚毅性 ................................................................................................................... 9
（一）隐忍 ............................................................................................................................................... 10 （二）狠毒 ............................................................................................................................................... 11 （三）自私 ............................................................................................................................................... 11 三、吕后性格的悲剧性 ................................................................................................................. 12
（一）悲剧性释义 .................................................................................................................. 12 （二）悲剧性成因 .................................................................................................................. 14 结 论 ............................................................................................................................................. 16 注 释 ............................................................................................................................................. 17 参考文献 ......................................................................................................................................... 18 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................................. 20 附录一 ............................................................................................................................................. 21 附录二 ............................................................................................................................................. 23
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佳木斯大学教务处 III
毕 业 论 文（设 计）用 纸
前 言
鲁迅曾用精确的语言评论过《史记》：“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚。”[1]的确，《史记》既是一部贯彻着“不虚美、不隐恶”[2] 的“实录”精神的历史典籍，又具有高度的文学性。《史记》的文学性不仅体现在它具有强烈抒情性，它的沉郁愤激的美学基调，还突出表现在书中纪传体部分对诸多历史人物的塑造上。司马迁不满足于《春秋》式的仅仅排布外在的历史事件，他特别关注那些重要历史人物的内心世界，企求展示人物灵魂的历史。个人精神上的痛苦体验使司马迁对于人的心灵尤其具有敏锐深刻的洞察力与透视式的理解力。卓绝的写人艺术与实录精神相结合，使他笔下的许多人物不仅血肉丰满、活灵活现，让人感到真实可信，有些人物更体现出人性的深度与复杂性，这是后来的史书无法企及的。以吕后为例，班固的《汉书·高后纪》基本是对吕后当政时期的历史事件作平铺直叙，尽量淡化对人物的描写，其行文几乎不带任何感情色彩，读来平淡无奇，而《史记》中的《吕太后本纪》的记述则给人以强烈的心理震撼与艺术感染力，不能不用惊心动魄来形容，基于这一点，我们甚至可以从心理学视角对这一历史人物进行解读。
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佳木斯大学教务处 1