论《史记》中“女主”的形象(6)

2019-05-17 19:57

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Jiangshan a half is playing down the Hanshin can not say no to the Western Han Dynasty Hanshin, the more impossible when the emperor Liu Bang. But after the emperor Liu Bang when the first thing to do is to weaken the forces of Han Xin, a drop Hanshin, Liu Bang in the final left-insurgency, Lvzhi set a trap to lure into the Hanshin Weiyang Gong, Kuan Results in the room 10 minutes of his life. On whether the rebellion of the Hanshin has always been different views of historians. But regardless of the reason to kill or reprisal killing, cutting Wang Yi Xing Liu Bang is the established policy is to consolidate the rule of Hanshi needs. Hanshin strength as the largest Wang Yixing, if not the crime of rebellion to the death, will also be other forms of cutting. Lvzhi to take decisive measures to faithfully carry out the political intention of Liu Bang. Later in the process of dealing with Pengyue Lvzhi take the same means. Lvhou is in the pleading, Liu Bang in 196 BC, ill Qinzheng, one stroke Jiaomie the cloth.

Hanshin from Lvhou Zhu, Hai Pengyue Qin Zheng and Liu Bang persuade the British cloth, a confidant to send fresh trial of its long Chalu Wan Zhu Shi, can be seen in dealing with Lvhou Yi Xing Wang and application of a hero, how tough means. Sima Qian commented: \, Gao Zu and file for the world, the more Lvhou Minister Li Zhu.\be said that the early Han Dynasty Council Lvhou the impact of living in the time of Liu Bang has already gone beyond the concubines of Liqiang . She actively to deal with Liu Bang divided Senate wrong court affairs, Liu Bang to her political skills are quite commendable, the husband and wife in politics there are still many things in common, but their case, she can really play its role . Sima Qian's so-called \, is to help Liu Bang Lvzhi decisive attack, to take timely measures, cutting some of the great threat to the Yi Xing Wang, eliminating the hidden dangers, ruled out the crisis, the stability of the world.

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佳木斯大学教务处 22

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附录二

论吕雉为稳定汉初局面做出的贡献

在中国历史上,真正全面掌握政权的女性,择其要者只有吕雉、武则天、慈禧太后等人。其中吕雉兼有武则天和慈禧太后的作为,因为她在儿子惠帝在位期间,整整七年都与慈禧太后一样垂帘听政,等到惠帝去世,她就正式与武则天一样临朝称制,掌天子之权、行天子之事,可以说吕雉虽然不曾拥有皇帝的名义,但她实际上已经是中国历史上第一个的女皇帝。所以司马迁在《史记》中专门为她列了一个《吕太后本纪》,甚至用“高后”纪年,反倒没有为当时名正言顺的皇帝汉惠帝作传。吕后在当政期间,不仅稳定了汉初局面,还促进了西汉社会政治经济的进一步发展。她帮助刘邦消灭异姓王,稳定汉初政局。

早在刘邦与项羽争夺天下时,刘邦为了笼络部下,先后封了7个异姓王。楚汉战争结束后,这些占据大量地盘、拥兵自重的异姓王,成了刘氏天下的重大威胁。为了巩固自己的统治,刘邦开始杀戮功臣,在诛杀异姓王的过程中,吕雉比刘邦更手辣心狠,韩信、英布、彭越被诛,吕雉都参与其事。

在刘家王朝诛灭异姓王时首当其冲的是韩信。刘邦的江山有一大半是韩信打下来的,可以说没有韩信就没有西汉王朝,刘邦更不可能当皇帝。但是刘邦当皇帝后做的第一件事就是削弱韩信的势力,将韩信一降再降,最后在刘邦离京平叛时,吕雉设下圈套将韩信诱骗进未央宫,关在钟室里结果了他的性命。关于韩信是否谋反一事,历来史家看法不一。但是不管是该杀还是冤杀,剪除异姓王是刘邦的既定决策,是巩固汉室统治的需要。韩信作为实力最大的异姓王,即使不以谋反罪被杀,也将以其他形式予以剪除。吕雉采取果断的措施,忠实地贯彻了刘邦的政治意图。在后来处理彭越的过程中吕雉采取了同样的手段。又是在吕后的恳求下,刘邦于公元前196年带病亲征,一举剿灭了布。

从吕后诛韩信、醢彭越以及劝刘邦亲征英布、派亲信审食其详察卢绾诸事,都可以看到吕后在对付异姓诸侯王及功臣时施用了何等强硬的手段。司马迁评论说:“吕后为人刚毅,

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佳木斯大学教务处 23

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佐高祖定天下,所诛大臣多吕后力。”可以说,吕后对于汉初政局产生的影响在刘邦在世之时就已经超越了后宫的篱墙。她积极地协助刘邦处理纷纭参错的朝廷事务,刘邦对她的政治才干也颇为赞许,这一对夫妻在政治上还是有很多共同点的,也惟其如此,她才能真正地发挥作用。司马迁所谓“佐高祖定天下”并不是一句虚话,正是吕雉协助刘邦果断出击,及时采取措施,剪除了一些威胁性很大的异姓王,消除了隐患,排除了危机,稳定了天下。

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佳木斯大学教务处 24

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