文科数学参考答案
一、选择题
1-5: DDABD 6-10: BACAC 二、填空题
11. 29? 12. 40 13. 30,20 14. ?2,??? 15. ①③④ 三、解答题
16.解:(Ⅰ)抽取的5人中男同学的人数为5?3020?3,女同学的人数为5??32. 5050(Ⅱ)记3名男同学为A1,A2,A3,2名女同学为B1,B2.从5人中随机选出2名同学,所有可能的结果有A1A2,A1A3,A1B1,A1B2,A2A3,A2B1,A2B2,A3B1,A3B2,B1B2,共10个.
用C表示:“选出的两名同学中恰有一名女同学”这一事件,则C中的结果有6个,它们是:
A1B1,A1B2,A2B1,A2B2,A3B1,A3B2.
所以选出的两名同学中恰有一名女同学的概率P(C)?17.解:(Ⅰ)f(x)?asin2?x?3cos2?x, 由题意f(x)的周期为?,所以
63?. 1052???,得??1, 2?∵f(x)最大值为2,故a2?3?2,又a?0,∴a?1, ∴f(x)?2sin(2x?令2x??3),
?3??2?k?,解得f(x)的对称轴为x??12?k?(k?Z). 2(Ⅱ)由f(?)?4??4??2??知2sin?2????,即sin?2????, 33?33?3??∴sin?4?????????????????cos22???sin22?????? ????6?3?3?2????2??1??2???1?2sin?2?????1?2?????.
3?9??3?218.解:(Ⅰ)分别取PD的中点M,EA的中点N.连结MH,NG,MN.
因为G,H分别为BE,PC的中点,所以MH//11CD,NG//AB, 22因为AB与CD平行且相等,所以MH平行且等于NG, 故四边形GHMN是平行四边形.所以GH//MN. 又因为GH?平面PDAE,MN?平面PDAE, 所以GH//平面PDAE.
(若通过面面平行来证明也可,酌情给分)
(Ⅱ)证明:因为PD?平面ABCD,BC?平面ABCD,所以PD?BC. 因为BC?CD,PDCD?D,所以BC?平面PCD.
因为F,H分别为PB、PC的中点,所以FH//BC. 所以FH?平面PCD.
因为FH?平面FGH,所以平面FGH?平面PCD. 19.解:(Ⅰ)设bn?a2n?因为
33131,则b1?a2??(a1?1)???, 223263131131a2n?1?(2n?1)?(a2n?6n)?(2n?1)?a2n?bn?12?32?32?1, 2?3?3333bn3a2n?a2n?a2n?a2n?2222311所以数列{a2n?}是以?为首项,为公比的等比数列.
263a2(n?1)?31?1?(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)得bn?a2n??????26?3?n?11?1??????,
2?3?n1?1?3即a2n??????,
2?3?2由a2n?n1a2n?1?(2n?1), 31?1?得a2n?1?3a2n?3(2n?1)?????2?3?n?1?6n?15, 2n?1nn1??1?1?1????所以a2n?1?a2n???????????6n?9??2????6n?9,
2??3???3???3??S2n??a1?a2???a3?a4??L??a2n?1?a2n?
n?1?1?2?1????2?????L?????6(1?2?L?n)?9n
?3???3?3???n1??1???1????3?n(n?1)??3????6??9n ??2?121?32?1??1?????1?3n2?6n????3?n?1??2. ?3??3?nn20.解:(Ⅰ)因为直线l的倾斜角为所以,直线l的方程为y?x?c,
?,F2(c,0), 4由已知得c2,所以c?1. ?22又e?3,所以a?3,b?2, 3x2y2??1. 椭圆C的方程32(Ⅱ)当直线l的斜率不存在时,P,Q两点关于x轴对称,则x1?x2,y1??y2,
x12y1266??1,而S?x1y1?由P?x1,y1?在椭圆上,则,则x1?,y1?1知3222ON?PQ?26.
x2y2??1可得2x2?3(kx?m)2?6,当直线l的斜率存在时,设直线l为y?kx?m,代入3222222即(2?3k)x?6kmx?3m?6?0,由题意??0,即3k?2?m.
6km3m2?6x1?x2??,x1x2?.
2?3k22?3k2PQ?1?kx1?x2?1?k22263k2?2?m2(x1?x2)?4x1x2?1?k
2?3k222d?m1?k2,S?POQ11263k2?2?m26??d?PQ?m, ?2222?3k2化为4m2(3k2?2?m2)?(3k2?2)2,(3k2?2)2?2?2m2(3k2?2)?(2m2)2?0,
22即(3k2?2?2m2)2?0.则3k?2?2m,满足??0,
3k3k22?2m?, 由前知x1?x2??,y1?y2?k(x1?x2)?2m??mmm9k241ON?(x1?x2)?(y1?y2)?2?2?2(3?2).
mmm222124(3k2?2?m2)2(2m2?1)??2(2?), PQ?(1?k)m2m2(2?3k2)222ONPQ?4(3?221111)(2?)?253??2?,当且仅当,即m??2时等号成2222mmmm立,故ONPQ?5.
综上可知ONPQ的最大值为5.
x21.解:(Ⅰ)依题意得,g?x??e?cosx?g?0??ecos0?1,
0g'?x??excosx?exsinx,g'(0)?1.
所以曲线y?g?x?在点0,g?0?处的切线方程为y?x?1. (Ⅱ)等价于对任意x????????,0?,m?[g(x)?x?f(x)]min. ?2?x设h(x)?g(x)?x?f(x)?ecosx?xsinx,x??????,0?. 2??xxxx则h'(x)?ecosx?esinx?sinx?xcosx?e?xcosx?e?1sinx,
????因为x??????,0?,所以?ex?x?cosx?0,?ex?1?sinx?0, ?2?所以h'(x)?0,故h(x)在?????,0?单调递增, ?2?因此当x???2时,函数h(x)取得最小值h??????; ???22????. ?2?所以m???2,则实数m的取值范围是???,???(Ⅲ)设H(x)?g(x)?x?f(x)?ecosx?xsinx,x???x????,?. ?22?①当x?????????,0?时,由(Ⅱ)知,函数H(x)在??,0?单调递增, ?2??2????,0?至多只有一个零点, ?2?故函数H(x)在??又H(0)?1?0,H?????????H(x),而且函数图象在???0?,0?上是连续不断的, ??22???2?因此,函数H(x)在?????,0?上有且只有一个零点. ?2?②当x??0,???时,g?x??x?f?x?恒成立.证明如下: ?4??x设?(x)?e?x,x?[0,????
],则?'(x)?ex?1?0,所以?(x)在?0,?上单调递增, 4?4?
所以x??0,???xe?x?0, ?(x)??(0)?1时,,所以?4??又x??0,???xcosx?sinx?0e?cosx?xsinx,即g?x??x?f?x?,即时,,所以??4?H(x)?0.
故函数H(x)在?0,????4??上没有零点.
③当x??????,?时,H'(x)?ex(cosx?sinx)?(sinx?xcosx)?0,所以函数H(x)在?42?????????H(x)上单调递减,故函数在,??,?至多只有一个零点, ??42??42???2??????又H()?而且函数H(x)在?,?上是连续不断的, (e4?)?0,H()???0,
22424?42??因此,函数H(x)在?????,?上有且只有一个零点. ?42?综上所述,x???????,?时,方程g?x??x?f?x?有两个解. ?22?