作者:张绍芬 邓继岿 李晶 黄宝兴 郑跃杰
【摘要】 目的 研究肺炎病儿肺泡灌洗液中肺泡表面活性物质(PS)的变化,探讨PS在肺炎发病中的作用。方法 选择肺炎病儿20例(肺炎组)和非肺炎病儿20例(对照组),应用纤维支气管镜进行肺泡灌洗,收集肺泡灌洗液,分别采用Bartlett法检测肺泡灌洗液中总磷脂(TPL)、Mason法检测饱和磷脂酰胆碱(Sat?PC)、焦酚红染色法(Pyrogallol)检测总蛋白(TP)。以Sat?PC/TPL和Sat?PC/TP比值作为判断PS活性水平的指标。结果 肺炎组Sat?PC虽然较低,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.062,P>0.05);肺炎组Sat?PC/TPL和Sat?PC/TP较对照组明显降低,差异有显著统计学意义(t=5.383、3.938,P<0.001)。结论 肺炎病儿肺泡灌洗液中PS降低,可能是导致肺炎反复或迁延不愈的重要原因之一,PS替代疗法是肺炎的一种有效的辅助治疗手段。
【关键词】 肺表面活性物质相关蛋白质类;支气管肺泡灌洗液;肺炎;儿童
[ABSTRACT] Objective To study the changes of the level of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with pneumonia and the role of PS in pathogenesis of the disease. Methods Twenty patients with pneumonia and 20 with non?pneumonia were enrolled and alveolar wash (AS) was done via bronchofibroscopy and lavage fluid collected. Total phospholipids (TPL) was detected by Bartlett method; saturated phosphatidylcholine (Sat?PC) by Manson method; and total protein (TP) by Pyrogallol. The ratio of Sat?PC/TPL to Sat?PC/TP was taken as a parameter to estimate the activity of PS. ResultsCompared with the non?pneumonia, the amount of Sat?PC in the pneumonia was lower, but the difference between them was not significant (t=1.062,P>0.05). The ratio of Sat?PC/TPL to Sat?PC/TP in the pneumonia was significantly lower than that in the non?pneumonia (t=5.383,3.938;P<0.001). Conclusion Decrease of PS content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with pneumonia may be one of important factors contributing recurrance or protraction of the disease. PS?substitution is an effective therapy for pneumonia.
[KEY WORDS] Pulmonary surfactant?associated proteins; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Pneumonia; Child
目前,发展中国家5岁以下儿童肺炎发病率高达4%,是儿童死亡的最主要原因之一。近年来,随着抗生素的广泛应用,特别是广谱抗生素的应用,细菌的耐药菌株明显增加,给临床医生带来诊断和治疗上新的挑战,寻找新的、有效治疗肺炎方法仍是国内外学者研究的热点。本文研究20例肺炎病儿肺泡灌洗液中肺泡表面活性物质(PS)的变化并与同期20例无肺部感染外科手术病儿肺泡灌洗液中PS进行比较,旨在探讨PS在肺炎病儿发病中的作用,寻找治疗肺炎的有效方法。现将结果报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2006年6月~2008年12月,选择我院住院肺炎病儿20例(肺炎组),其中男13例,女7例;年龄 3月~11岁,平均(3.5±0.9)岁。诊断标准均符合文献[1]。选择同期无肺部感染外科手术病儿20例(对照组),男15例,女5例,年龄4月~12岁,平均(3.8±1.2)岁。肺炎组病儿均有发热、咳嗽、肺部湿音等表现,纤维支气管镜检查确诊1例有气管异物(请耳鼻喉科医师协助取出异物),1例有气管软化。除气管异物1例外,其余19例胸部X线片均有片状影或大片状影,6例有肺不张,4例有胸腔积液。4例并发哮喘,2例并发呼吸衰竭,1例并发室间隔缺损。20例肺炎病儿经肺泡灌洗治疗后,全部痊愈出院。对照组病儿均无呼吸道感染症状,肺部无干、湿性音,胸部X线片提示肺部无异常。两组病儿在性别、年龄上无明显差异。