在过去的10年中，NOD/SCID小鼠被认为是小动物模型中用来研究淋巴造血系统移植的“金标准”［４］，多数研究都是基于NOD/SCID小鼠而完成。由于在免疫缺陷小鼠?人类白血病模型中白血病细胞的增殖和分化受到如同骨髓微环境一样的调控，因此为研究白血病增殖、分化及其调控机制提供了独特的条件。免疫缺陷小鼠模型还可以直接检测白血病细胞生长和播散的能力，评价某些已知在体外能杀伤或致白血病细胞凋亡的药物,成为判断患者预后以及探索新的白血病治疗手段的重要方法之一。同时，我们应该考虑到小鼠与人类的细胞因子、粘附分子和细胞外基质的不同,在今后的研究中,可开发应用转基因小鼠来模拟人体微环境的一些条件，克服现有免疫缺陷小鼠的不足，更好地应用这些模型深入研究白血病发生发展、调控机制及治疗。另外，新近建立起来的NOD?scid IL?2rgamma(null)鼠可用于造血作用，固有和获得性免疫，自身免疫性疾病，感染性疾病，肿瘤生物学，再生医学等，其应用比NOD/SCID更为广泛。将这种模型推广必将带动多个领域的进一步发展。
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