作者：马强，苏琨，苏燕，吴君金，卢林，葛尔宁
【摘要】 目的通过研究不同配伍条件下药液中钙离子溶出量变化，探讨白虎汤的配伍规律。方法采用EDTA直接滴定法测定白虎汤中各单味药物、不同配伍条件下和不同浸泡和煎煮时间药液中钙离子含量。结果原方各单味均含钙，其中石膏含钙量最高，其次为知母和甘草，粳米含钙量最低。当石膏与其它药物配伍合煎后，药液中钙离子溶出量除石膏与甘草配伍略微增高外，其余各组均降低。石膏和复方药液中钙离子溶出量随浸泡时间延长而增加，随煎煮时间增加而降低。但复方药液中钙离子溶出量随煎煮时间延长而降低的较为缓慢，单味石膏钙离子溶出量下降迅速。结论除石膏与甘草配伍增加其钙离子溶出量外，石膏与其它各药配伍均降低其钙离子溶出量。增加浸泡时间可使石膏中钙离子溶出量增高，增加煎煮时间使药液中钙离子溶出量降低。
【关键词】 白虎汤； 钙离子含量； 石膏； 配伍
Abstract：ObjectiveTo study the content of calcium ion solubility with different compatibility and to explore the compatible regularity of Baihu Decoction. MethodsThe direct titration was used to study the content of soluble calcium ion of each single herb of Baihu Decoction, their different compatibility，different soaking and boiling time of decoction. ResultsAll of herbs in Baihu Decoction contain calcium. Gypsum had the highest content of calcium, followed by Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Licoroce, Rice had the lowest. When gypsum compatible with other herbs, the calcium ion content of decoction all descend except gypsum and Licorice compatibility group were slightly increased. The calcium ion solubility of gypsum and Baihu Decoction all increased with extend time of soak. But the solubility of calcium ion decreased with boiling time, especially the group of gypsum declined rapidly. ConclusionExcept the content of calcium ion solubility with gypsum and Licoroce group slightly increase, the other compatibility group content of calcium ion solubility all decreased. The content of calcium ion solubility will enable increased with extending the soaking times, and decreased with extending boiling time.
Key words：Baihu Decoction; Content of calcium ion; Gypsum; Compatibility
白虎汤出自汉代医圣张仲景《伤寒论》，由石膏、知母、甘草、粳米4味药组成，主治阳明、气分热盛证，具有清热生津的功效。方中石膏清热止渴除烦为君药，知母味苦性寒质润，助石膏清热生津为臣药，炙甘草与粳米和中益胃，防君臣药之大寒伤中，为佐药［1］。临床上常用于治疗流行性乙型脑炎、流行性出血热、肺炎等急性感染性疾病。此外，应用此方治疗糖尿病有一定疗效。其他还有用于急性虹膜睫状体炎、反复高热的过敏性紫癜等治疗的报道［2，3］。对于白虎汤解热作用机理，有研究认为其解热作用与石膏所含钙密切相关，去钙白虎汤无解热作用［2，4，5］。但对石膏在复方中钙离子（Ca2＋）溶出量较单味药是否增加尚有争论［6～10］。本文通过化学方法对不同配伍条件下白虎汤中Ca2＋含量进行研究，旨在揭示其配伍规律及石膏在复方中溶出量变化规律，为今后开发此方及对石膏在复方中溶出规律变化等提供参考。
1 材料与试剂