第四．
1. ______refers to belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. 正确答案： 正确 B. Religion
2. _____is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan.
正确答案： 正确 A. Bowing
3. Cultures, such as China and Japan, belong to _____ cultures. 正确答案： 正确 B. high-context
4. In written business communication, the opening of American style is______. 正确答案： 正确 C. direct to objective
5. 4 feet to 12 feet, the distance between salespeople and customers and between people who work together, is called _______ zone. 正确答案： 正确 C. social
6. Haptics refers to communicating through the use of _______contact. 正确答案： 正确 D. bodily
7. In the United States, the main meal is ______. 正确答案： 正确 C. in the evening
8. ____ refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons. 正确答案： 正确 B. Taboo
9. In the Japanese society, knowing the _____ of the people with whom you come in contact is important.
正确答案： 正确 C. rank
10. The dialogues between nations and governments at the United Nations, for example, would be termed ________.
正确答案： 正确 C. international communication
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第五．
1. Chromatics refers to the study of ____ use in affecting people’s mood, emotions, and impression of others.
正确答案： 正确 C. color
2. _____ style focuses on the speaker and role relationships. People with such communication style stress high power distance. This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture.
正确答案： 正确 A. Contextual
3. _____refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning. 正确答案： 正确 D. Feedback
4. Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for _____reasons. 正确答案： 正确 C. religious or social
5. ______refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.
正确答案： 正确 A. Interethnic Communication
6. ______ is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of a specific group. 正确答案： 正确 D. Stereotyping
7. _____ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. 正确答案： 正确 C. Encoding
8. Cultural impact on ______ patterns is to be classified into two categories: direct plan and indirect plan.
正确答案： 正确 B. discourse
9. _____ is the way we use fixed space and personal space. 正确答案： 正确 B. Proxemics
10. _____refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.
正确答案： 正确 D. Culture shock
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案例分析
第一.
1. An American company has been losing its market in China during the past three years. No senior or middle-level mangers in this company is Chinese or Chinese-American, but all American whites. 正确答案：
This case can reflect that equal distribution of organizational resources is one of the key strategies for effective intercultural communication. Organizational resources, such as key jobs, income，prerequisite, access to information, and the like, should be distributed equitably and not determined or affected by cultural characteristics such as ethnic background. In this case, the American company has been losing its market in China because it does not distribute key jobs (senior or middle-level managers) equitably.
2. There is a small animal with four legs that people often keep as a pet. In Chinese, it is called “猫”, and is also called Chat in French, Neiko in Japanese, Gato in Spanish, Katze in German and Kosta in Russian. 正确答案：
This case reflects the symbolic feature of communication. A symbol is a word, action, or object that stands for or represents a unit of meaning. Since the symbols we use are discretionary and subjective, in communication people from different cultures will assign different meanings to the same object. In this case, the animal is an ordinary pet, but people from different cultures would prefer to name it with their own symbol systems, that is “猫” in Chinese, Chat in French, Neiko in Japanese, Gato in Spanish, Katze in German and Kosta in Russian.
3. If the boss of a company wants his employees to realize his status and follow his order obediently, he may imply this by maintaining a relaxed posture, by varying the intonation of voice and by keeping a solemn facial expression instead of saying: “I am your boss and you do as I say, even though you may not like it.‖ 正确答案：
This case can reflect one of the functions of nonverbal communication-----making relationships clear. Communication messages have both content and relationship information. Content refers to the subject matter of the message. Relationship information refers to the relationship between the communicators. As relationship information might be uncomfortable if spoken, nonverbal communication removes the threat.
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第二.
1. Mr. Bias is a director of a small private company. Now he is interviewing candidates for the position of assistant manager. He selected a bright and ambitious applicant. Later, he discovered that this applicant was from the country Levadel (a fictitious country). Since he thinks that all Levadelians are stupid and lazy, he has decided to select someone else for the position. 正确答案：
This case reflects one of the barriers of intercultural communication---- prejudice. Prejudice refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation. Prejudice involves an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of people. The attitude of the boss just had the prejudice towards the applicant.
2. In intercultural business negotiation settings, American negotiators are mission-driven, and they express their offers openly. They may say “Let’s go to the point”. While Chinese negotiators usually look forward to long-term partnership. There is a slow start to ―warm up‖, they don’t expect any open conflict for whatever reasons, and they are always trying to ―save face‖ for both sides. 正确答案：
This case can reflect the differences between direct and indirect communication styles. With direct communication style, speaker expresses his intention openly and directly. Direct styles are often used in low-context, individualistic cultures. In an indirect communication style, which is often seen in high-context and collectivistic cultures, speakers usually hide or hint their intentions during interaction. So the American negotiators and Chinese negotiators will express their offers differently according to the different communication style.
3. In Asia, white hair earns respect. In a delegation of three people, one of whom has white hair, that one will be first to be seated, first to be greeted, first through doors, and so forth.
正确答案：
This case has reflected that cultural differences exist concerning the status of age and hierarchy in some societies. In such societies people are very aware of age and hierarchy. Age is viewed as an indication of seniority. People have a great respect for age in such countries. This case shows us that in Asia where older members of organizations enjoy great freedom and power and one only becomes high ranking with age.
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第三.
1. In the United States, there are groups of senior citizens, teenagers, baby boomers, African Americans, Latin Americans, Catholics, Jews, disabled individuals, trade associations. All these groups will have similarities to the macroculture but will also have some differences. 正确答案：
This case reflects the theory of subculture within cultures. A subculture resembles a culture in that it usually encompasses a relatively large number of people and represents the accumulation of generations of human striving. However, subcultures have some important differences: they exist within dominant cultures and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race or geographic region.
2. I am a Finnish girl. Six years ago I was in the USA for a year as an exchange student. I lived in an American family there. I'm the kind of person who needs to have some time for herself every day so I would stay in my room in the evenings for an hour or two and do my homework or write letters or just relax and listen to music. I didn't think there was anything wrong with it -to me it was just normal. One day my host-Mom came to me and asked if I was ok. She said that they had thought that I was sad and homesick, or maybe not be happy with the host family because I would go to my room and stay there for a couple of hours every evening. I was really surprised to hear this. 正确答案：
This case can reflect the theory of intercultural communication. Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. In the United States, communication is a way to nurture oneself and one's interpersonal relationships. One of the most used stereotypes about Finns is that they are very silent and shy.
3. A Japanese-American, whose firm conducted business in Japan, told how he once averted a near disaster in United States-Japanese relations. His company selected and addressed 500 Christmas cards to its Japanese joint-venture partner. The cards were red (in Japan, funeral notices are red.) The Japanese-American manager stopped the mail just in time. He said, ―We almost sent 500 funeral cards to our Japanese partner!‖ 正确答案：
This case has reflected that each country has its art for giving gift. Gift giving in Japan is considered an integral part of building intercultural professional and social relationships. The careful selection and wrapping of a gift and presenting it at the proper time conveys to others your social sensitivity and good manners. In this case the Japanese-American manager stopped the mail just in time since he knows that in Japan funeral notices are red. If not their relations might be greatly damaged. So the cultural knowledge of your business partners is crucial and beneficial for your maintaining good relations with them.
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