Passage three I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women who the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side. I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile --- Charlie Chaplin‘s smile. ―Arch, it‘s Mikey,‖ he said. ―So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana.‖ He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow. ―You haven‘t sold many bananas today, pop,‖ I said anxiously. He shrugged his shoulders. ―What can I do? No one seems to want them.‖ It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York buildings, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, streetcars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father‘s bananas. ―I ought to yell,‖ said my father dolefully. ―I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I‘m ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool.‖ I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father. ―I‘ll yell for you, pop,‖ I volunteered. ―Arch, no,‖ he said, ―go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I‘ll be late.‖ But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened. My father tried to stop me at last. ―Nu,‖ he said smiling to console me, ―that was wonderful yelling, Mikey. But it its plain we are unlucky today! Let‘s go home.‖ I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.
31. ―unyoked‖ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ___.
A. sent out B. released C. dispatched D. removed
32. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people?
A. Thousands of B. Flowed C. Pouring D.Unyoked
33. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?
A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals. B. Weather conditions and street lamps. C. Clattering trains and peddlers‘ yells. D. Moving crowds and street traffic.
34. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?
A. Compassionate B. Responsible C. Shy D. Determined 35. What is the theme of the story?
A. The misery of the factory workers. B. How to survive in a harsh environment.
C. Generation gap between the father and the son.
D. Love between the father and the son.
Passage four
Americans are people obsessed with child-rearing. In their books, magazines, talk shows, parent training courses, White House conferences, and chats over the back fence, they endlessly debate the best ways to raise children. Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action. They erect playgrounds for the youngsters‘ pleasure, equip large schools for their education, and train skilled specialists for their welfare. Whole industries in America are devoted to making children happy, healthy and wise. But this interest in childhood is relatively new. In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living. By and large they either ignored children, beat them, or fondled them carelessly, much as we would amuse ourselves with a litter of puppies. When they gave serious thought to children at all, people either conceived of them as miniature adults or as peculiar, unformed animals. Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied as its duration. Actions that would have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another. Babies who have been nurtured exclusively by their mothers in one epoch are left with day-care workers in another. In some places children have been trained to straddle unsteady canoes, negotiate treacherous mountain passes, and carry heavy bundles on their heads. In other places they have been taught complicated piano concerti and long multiplication tables. But diverse as it has been, childhood has one common experience at its core and that is the social aspect of nurture. All children need adults to bring them up. Because human young take so long to become independent, we think that civilization may have grown up around the need to feed and protect them. Certainly, from the earliest days of man, adults have made provision for the children in their midst. 36. Children in the past were ill-treated or petted because they were ____.
A. knowing nothing of adult life B. seen as uninteresting
C. considered of no significance
D. conceived of as having animal natures
37. The present day American obsession with child-rearing has ____.
A. brought about ineffectual action
B. brought into being pointless discussions C. had far-reaching results D. produced endless theories
38. In what way are childhood experiences different from each other?
A. Children have been alternately beaten and loved through the ages.
B. In some places physical training has given way to encouraging creativity. C. Parents have increasingly taken control of their children‘s nurturing. D. There have been differences in child-rearing in different epochs. 39. According to the author, children ____.
A. need intensive adult nurturing B. are the instigators of civilization
C. remain physically dependent until adulthood D. have common social experiences
40. What is the author‘s attitude to developments in the perception of childhood?
A. Couldn‘t judge. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Neutral.
Part III Translation (30%)
Section A From Chinese into English (15%)
Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from Chinese into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.
1 瑞典公布的一项研究结果有力地证实，单亲家庭的孩子比双亲家庭的孩子更容易患心理疾病。
五分之一瑞典家庭的孩子是由单亲父母带大的。鉴于该国和其它工业化国家的离婚率创下历史新高的现状，来自―国家健康和福利委员会‖的一个政府小组试图搞清那些和单亲父母生活在一起的孩子的社会生活状况。
在对6.5万名单亲孩子进行了9年跟踪调查后，研究人员在医学期刊《柳叶刀》上发表报告说，这些孩子在身心方面的健康状况均不如在双亲家庭中生活的孩子。
行为科学家格尼拉?琳班克?韦特福特说，―我们发现，单亲家庭的孩子出现不良后果的危险在增加。‖她说，单亲家庭的孩子更容易患精神方面的疾病、发生自杀行为、酗酒和吸毒。
2 该研究显示，问题的主要原因是经济拮据，这取决于父亲（或母亲）是否领取社会福利金以及没有自己的住房而租房居住。越穷的家庭，孩子表现得越糟糕。
韦特福特女士说，其它工业化国家的单亲孩子的境遇更糟糕，因为他们没有瑞典那种使大多数公民免于贫困的广泛福利金。―从国际角度来看，和别的国家相比，瑞典的单亲父母的社会经济状况似乎是相当优越的。‖
但是，瑞典不存在经济拮据的状况令英国利物浦大学的公共健康专家玛格利特?怀特海德怀疑，在该研究报告提出的问题背后是经济地位在起作用。3 她说，“这份研究报告提出了令人严重关注的健康问题，但它却没告诉我们问题出现的原因，以及我们该从何下手加以援助”。 Section B From English into Chinese (15%)
Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from English into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.
The International Committee of the Red Cross says it will need nearly $650 million to help victims of armed conflict and violence next year. The Geneva-based ICRC runs humanitarian operations in some 80 countries.
1 The International Committee of the Red Cross has operations in just about every trouble spot in the world, including Afghanistan and the Palestinian territories. 2 However, it says it will have to expand its operations even more next year because of the deteriorating situations in those countries.
The director of ICRC Operations, Pierre Krahenbuhl, says his agency has been running regional operations for West Africa out of Ivory Coast for years and, therefore, is in a good position to expand its programs there.
Mr. Krahenbuhl says the Red Cross has been carrying out assistance and medical projects, as well as visiting prisoners held by the government and the rebels.
3 The Red Cross says Afghanistan remains its largest and costliest operation. However, it adds that it has cut more than $40 million off last year's budget due to the improved situation in that country. Cuts also have been made in programs for Sri Lanka, Sierra Leone and Yugoslavia. Part IV Essay Writing (20%)
Directions: You are required to write about 200 words on the following topic ―Not every thing that is
learned is contained in books.‖
2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题（2） I. Cloze (0.5x20=10%)
Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Some things belong to the unexplained mysteries of life. They are often inconvenient, frequently useless, (1) ___ boring, yet we are called (2) ___ to admire them just because they are there. Among these mysteries I have always (3) ___ Grand Opera. On the rare occasions (4) ___ I have been obliged to attend such performances, (5) ___ has always seemed strange to me that an otherwise (6)___ person who, for
example, wants an urgent message (7) ___, should find it necessary to make his (8) ___ in song at the top of his (9) ___. In fact it often takes five minutes or so (10) ___ a message of this sort is properly understood by the person who is to (11) ___ it. A simple statement such as, ―Please tell the Countless I (12) ___ for her by the fountain at midnight,‖ would not take five seconds to say.
Even more strange is the behaviour of persons taken prisoner in Grand Opera. A supposedly dangerous spy, or (13) ___ like, will keep his guards calmly waiting, even joining in (14) ___ chorus, while he indulges in an aria which (15) ___ has little or nothing to do with the plot. It doesn‘t stop there. (16) ___ in Gail, prisoners, particularly those who have been wrongly imprisoned, are given to singing arias in voices of (17) ___ power that it is a wonder the other prisoners do not complain, and even more surprising that the guards do not arrive to see what all the noise about.
Most peculiar of all, however, is the conduct of heroines, (18) ___ dying or about to commit suicide. Stabbed through the heart, preparing to drink poison or leap from castle walls, these ladies can still announce in song their departure from this world (19) ___ effortlessly to top notes, even on occasion providing an encore for (20) ___ audiences.
1. A. even B. still C. much D. nevertheless 2. A. up B. over C. upon D. for 3. A. seen B. classed C. visited D. waited 4. A. that B. which C. before D. when 5. A. this B. these C. it D. that
6. A. sensible B. sensational C. senseless D. sensual 7. A. delivering B. to deliver C. be delivered D. delivered 8. A. demand B. requisite C. request D. requirement 9. A. notes B. tone C. pitch D. voice 10. A. after B. before C. until D. because 11. A. deliver B. read C. write D. hear 12. A. will be waiting B. wait C. am waiting D. an to wait 13. A. a B. the C. some D. any 14. A. at B. with C. for D. as
15. A. regularly B. seldom C. frequently D. infrequently 16. A. Because B. Once C. Though D. Before 17. A. great B. much C. mighty D. such 18. A. whether B. either C. both D. neither 19. A. raising B. arising C. rising D. increasing
20. A. appreciative B. appreciated C. appreciable D. appreciating II. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Passage one Migration is the movement of groups of animals or people from one region to another. Among animals this movement usually occurs once a year. The creatures spend summer in one region but travel to another region for winter. No one really understands what gives animals the urge to migrate. Most scientists believe it is an instinct, inborn in them; others think a lack of food or the length of daylight triggers migration. Every spring and fall, billions of birds perform one of nature‘s most marvelous feats. They often migrate thousands of miles, returning to the same nest they inhabited in the previous year‘s migration. Scientists do not know how they find their way. The Arctic tern holds the long-distance record, flying 25000 miles yearly from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back again. Why do some fish migrate? They do this to breed. The most famous example is the salmon, which is born in freshwater streams, migrates to the ocean until it matures, then returns to fresh water, where it dies after laying eggs. Experiments have shown that these fish struggle upstream through strong currents
to lay their eggs at their own place of birth. Like birds and fish, many mammals migrate to find a place where climate and feeding conditions are better. Seals and whales migrate thousands of miles in the seas along our West Coast. In winter, deer, elk, and bighorn sheep descend from the mountains to find protection and something to eat. They find food in snow-free valleys. The American bison once traveled from 200 to 400 miles south and back again in a yearly cycle. Migration can mean the movement of people as well as animals. When moving by choice, people normally have the goal of seeking a better life elsewhere. But history tells us that some people have been forced to retreat. This has been caused by floods, droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, famines, wars, oppression, or economic disasters. Often people, like animal, must migrate to survive. 21. Which of the following statements is true? A. Migration is urged by an instinct. B. Migration is caused by lack of food. C. The reason that causes migration remains an issue. D. It is the human activities that trigger a migration. 22. The word ―feats‖ (par.2) is closest in meaning to ____. A. tasks B. impressive and difficult achievement C. acts D. marvelous and frightening achievement 23. Some fish migrate in order to ____. A. find their own place of birth B. struggle upstream through strong currents C. mate D. lay eggs at their own place of birth
24. In winter, deer, elk and bighorn sheep will ____. A. migrate to the valleys B. climb to the mountain tops C. travel along the West Coast D. travel from 200 to 400 miles south
25. People are forced to leave because of ____. A. disasters B. economic depression C. wars D. animals Passage two Writing articles about films for The Front Page was my first proper job. Before then I had done bits of reviewing --- novels for other newspapers, films for a magazine and anything I was asked to do for the radio. That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The Front Page, who had also written for television. He hired me, but Tom was not primarily a journalist, or he would certainly have been more careful in choosing his staff. At first, his idea was that a team of critics should take care of the art forms that didn‘t require specialized knowledge: books, TV, theatre, film and radio. There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover, though there would also be guests to make the atmosphere sociable. It all felt like a bit of dream at that time: a new newspaper and I was one of the team. It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into a crowded market. It seemed just as likely that a millionaire wanted to help me personally, and was pretending to employ me. Such was my lack of self-confidence. In fact, the first time I saw someone reading the newspaper on the London underground, then turning to a page on which one of my reviews appeared, I didn‘t know where to look. Tom‘s original scheme for a team of critics for the arts never took off. It was a good idea, but we didn‘t get together as planned and so everything was done by phone. It turned out, too, that the general public out there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. Without