36.
37. assess the immediate emotional costs of negative information about ourselves against the long-term benefits of gaining useful feedback. Studies have confirmed what most managers seem to have known already, that the mood we in whilst receiving feedback often influences the relative weight people assign to emotional costs versus the informational benefits of receiving negative feedback. The studies that have been carried out have demonstrated that positive moods can function as a buffer and therefore enable people affected in this way to both accept, as well as better handle, the emotional costs of negative self-related information. Managers are increasingly taking employees’ moods into consideration when providing them with negative feedback regarding their performance. C Accepting negative feedback involves a trade-off between short-term and long-term costs and benefits. T An individual’s mood will have no effect on how negative feedback is received. F Over the past decade there has been a steady growth in the holiday industry whilst the number of travel agencies has declined. This is due to the increasing number of customers who are booking their holidays online, because of a quicker and more financially viable service. However, specialist travel agencies, such as those focusing on particular regions or holiday activities, remain successful as they have an in-depth understanding of a region and the customers who go there. The staffs are also multilingual, and thanks to their specialized knowledge they can provide good deals, meaning that their prices are often lower than non-specialist travel agents and online companies. A travel agent’s specialist knowledge can be used to the financial benefit of the customer. T It is not always more expensive for the customer to book holidays with a travel agent. T More people are booking their holidays online rather than through a travel agent, even though it takes longer to find the right holiday this way. F（quicker） Significant advances in float furnace design and operation, in the development of glass
compositions, and in the glass forming process itself have all played a role in the optimization of glass manufacturing. For example, thermodynamic modeling assists with the enhancement of glass composition and offers control over devitrification characteristics, and
studies examining burner design, to ensure flames have maximum luminosity （光泽） and
impinge on the glass at the correct angle, aid the minimization of fuel consumption. The exploitation of such advanced research allows glass manufacturers to reduce their
expenditure on fuel, decrease their defect rates and produce glass of the highest quality, all of which are important if they are to retain their commercial standing and customer loyalty. Glass of a higher quality is produced when the float furnace is at its maximum temperature. C
The radiance（光泽） of furnace flames has no direct impact on the amount of fuel used in
the glass-forming process. C
Ensuring the flames come into contact with the glass at a particular point can reduce the amount of energy required in the glass manufacturing process. T