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13. Management is, in effect, the catalyst that is essential for converting the resources and raw material inputs of the operation into valued outputs and, in the process, ensuring that stakeholder needs are satisfied. Managers represent the critical factor, which economists refer to as “enterprise”, without which the other factors (land, labor and capital) cannot function. Managers are effectively the custodians of the organization’s resource, responsible for deciding what the resources should be used for, how best to use them, and to which customers the outputs should be targeted. Stakeholder needs are best served through the creation of valued outputs. C Management has at least two major but different responsibilities. T Managers must decide how best to handle all the resources at their disposal(有处理权). T There is no doubt that vegetarian food can be healthier than a traditional diet – indeed, research has demonstrated that vegetarians are less likely to suffer from heart disease and obesity than those who eat meat. One long-standing concern about a vegetarian lifestyle is the risk of failing to take in enough protein. However, historical calculations as to the amount of protein needed for a healthy lifestyle have recently been shown to overestimate the quantities needed, and if vegetarian select their food carefully they should be able to meet their protein needs. A balanced diet is more likely to promote health than any particular food or food group in isolation. C Too much protein in the diet can lead to heart disease. C Over time the recommendations as to what constitutes a healthy balanced diet have changed. C Water, the most common liquid used for cleaning, has a property called surface tension. Molecules in the body of the water are surrounded by other molecules, but at the surface a “tension” is created as molecules are only surrounded by other molecules on the waterside. This tension inhibits(抑制) the cleaning process, as it slows the wetting of surface due to tension causing the water to bead up. This is where water droplets hold their shape and do not spread. For effective cleaning to take place “surface tension” must be reduced so that water can spread. Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are chemicals, which are able to do this effectively. Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are only used for cleaning. C Water is the only known liquid used for cleaning. F If surfactant chemicals are added to water when cleaning a surface, surface tension will occur. F The molecules on the waterside hinder（阻碍） the cleaning process. T The biggest risk facing the world’s insurance companies is possibly the rapid change now
taking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense price
competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.