27.
28.
29. the certainty that very soon one will be wanted in one’s old job again or will be wanted in a new job that is within one’s powers.” In other words, full employment does not mean zero unemployment, but allows for some measure of acceptable unemployment, for example, “frictional” unemployment whilst changing jobs. Definitions of full employment are abundant. F Some economists do not understand full employment in Beveridge’s terms. C In B’s view, full employment incorporates those unemployed people who are certain to regain work very shortly. T The typical share-save scheme is a regular savings plan that gives employees the opportunity to purchase shares in 3.5 or 7 years time, should they choose to exercise the purchase option, at a discounted price fixed before the saving period starts. In addition to potential financial gains, the employee also has the opportunity to participate in future company development through the acquisition of shares. The employee does not have to pay income tax on any gains made on the exercise of the option to buy shares, though there may be a liability to capital gains tax if the shares are sold and the resulting gains cause that particular employee’s level of capital gains liability to exceed the annual exempt amount. Employees usually exercise the option to sell their shares at the end of the saving period. C Employees do not automatically have to pay Capital Gains Tax as a consequence of participating in share-save scheme. T F Individuals who sell shares generate no potential tax liability. F Staff monitoring is a particularly issue for managers – the only kind of staff monitoring not subject to regulation is where one individual watches another. Once any recording starts, even if it is manual, monitoring is subject to the Data Protection Act – employees need to be told about monitoring takes place and why. The information gathered has to be kept secure, and affected staffs have the right to see information related to them. Whilst a person’s consent is not required, he or she must be consulted about the processing of personal information (monitoring data is construed as “personal”), and monitoring practices must not cause unnecessary stress. However, covert monitoring without consultation may be used, but only in particularly serious circumstances, such as when a staff member is suspected of dishonest. In such a case, the covert surveillance (e.g. hidden cameras) must be in targeted areas and at times when the dishonest behavior is expected- any other information must be disregarded. It is not possible to avoid the Data Protection Act when monitoring staff. F Managers find it difficult to justify the use of covert monitoring procedures. C Any employee in a building where monitoring is taking place may see all of the information collected. F Without exception, living non-human primates habitually more around on all fours, or
quadrupedally, when they are on the ground. Scientists generally assume therefore that the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees (our closest living relative) was also a
quadrupted. Exactly when the last common ancestor lived is unknown, but clear indications