中南大学英语考试翻译部分内容
Book 4
1剪纸
剪纸又叫刻纸、窗花或剪画。剪纸在纸的发明之前就已经流行，当时人们运用金箔、绢帛、皮革等片状材料，通过镂空雕刻的技法制成工艺品。汉代（前206-公元220），纸张的发明促使了剪纸的发展与普及。民间剪纸的题材多来源于现实生活，充满纳福迎祥的主题，表达对美好生活的向往。
Paper-cutting
Paper-cutting (otherwise known as jianzhi) is also called kezhi, chuanghua or
jianhua. Paper –cutting was popular even before paper was invented. When there was
no paper, people carved on gold leaf, silk, feathers, and so on, with a carving technique known as hollow-cutting to make handicrafts. In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220AD), the invention if paper promoted the development and popularity of paper-cutting. The folk themes of the paper-cutting are rooted in real life, filled with the themes of enjoying a life of ease and comfort, and expressing the desire for a happy life.
2儒家思想
儒家思想也称为儒学，有春秋（前770 年-前476 年）末期伟大的思想家、教育家孔子所创立。历代代表人物有孟子、董仲舒、朱熹、王阳明等。主要经典有：四书（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》），五经（《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》）等。儒家学派以“仁、义、礼、智、信”为核心内容，构成了其伦理思想体系，是中国古代长达两千余年封建社会的主流意识。
Confucianism
Confucian thought, also called Confucianism, was established by Confucius, a great thinker and educator who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Some representatives of Confucianism throughout Chinese history include Mencius, Dong Zhongshu, Zhu Xi, and Wang Yangming. The main classics of Confucianism are the Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The
Analects of Confucius, and Mencius) and the Five Classics (Zhouyi, Shangshu
(Collection of Ancient Texts), The Book of Songs, The Rites, and The Spring and Autumn Annals). The Confucian school regards “benevolence, righteousness, propriet y,
wisdom and fidelity” as being at the core of its ethical system. Confucianism was
the main ideology of feudal society for more than 2,000 years in China.
3中国象棋
中国象棋早在战国时期（前475—前221）就有记载，最初称为六博，用象牙做成，到了北宋（960—1127）末期定型为近代模式。棋盘为九竖十横线画成的长方形平面，是中国封建社会制度和文化的缩影—有中军帐（九宫）、士位（士、仕）、文官（象、相）、武将（车、马、炮）、士兵（兵、卒）。是世界四大棋类（中国围棋、中国象棋、国际象棋、日本将棋）之一。
Chinese Chess
The earliest records of Chinese chess can be traced back to the Warring States Period (475BC—221BC). The early-stage Chinese chess was composed of six pieces carved out of ivory, and was therefore called “Six Boxing.” Its final form of play was fixed at the end of the Northern