小学英语语法复习要点
一、名词
可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。 可数名词复数规则:
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children
foot-feet, tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词:表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质 (grass草,ice
冰),抽象的名词(help帮助,music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如some water),不能与不定冠词连用。 写出下列各词的复数
photo ____________ diary ____________ day_____________ dress _______________ thief ___________ peach___________ juice________________
water ____________ rice______________ tea ______________ man____________ woman____________ banana ___________ bus___________ child ____________ foot _____________ sheep ____________ leaf ________ dish ____________ knife _____________ pen____________ boy__________ baby___________ map _____________ city ____________ box __________ book ___________ class ____________ eye ____________ office ________ car____________ fox ___________ watch ____________ library ________ pear ___________ skirt ____________ shelf _____________ cinema __________ tomato _________ tooth ____________ wife____________ Englishman________ paper __________ milk___________ Frenchman ___________ postman __________ family __________ mouse __________ people __________ fish _________ brush ________
Japanese_________ sandwich__________ policeman____________ Chinese_____________ strawberry ___________ glass __________ 补充:
名词所有格:
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如: today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口).
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如: a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]:① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的