for treatment of acute vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2001; 286: 2099–106
[120] Weiner DL, Hibberd PL, Betit P, et al. Preliminary assessment of
inhaled nitric oxide for acute vaso-occlusive crisis in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. JAMA, 2003, 289: 1136–42
[121] Anon. Inhaled nitric oxide for pediatric painful sickle crisis. Aug, 27,
2009. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00142051 (accessed Aug 17, 2010)
[122] Halasa NB, Shankar SM, Talbot TR, et al. Incidence of invasive
pneumococcal disease among individuals with sickle cell disease before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 44: 1428–33
[123] Deane CR, Goss D, Bartram J, et al. Extracranial internal carotid arterial
disease in children with sickle cell anaemia. Haematologica, 2010, 95: 1287–92
[124] O’Driscoll S, Height SE, Dick MC, et al. Serum lactate dehydrogenase
as a biomarker in children with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol, 2008, 140: 206–09
[125] Switzer JA, Hess DC, Nichols FT, et al. Pathophysiology and treatment
of stroke in sickle-cell disease: present and future. Lancet Neurol, 2006, 5: 501–12
[126] Prohovnik I, Hurlet-Jensen A, Adams R, et al. Hemodynamic etiology
of elevated flow velocity and stroke in sickle-cell disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2009, 29: 803–10
[127] Fullerton HJ, Adams RJ, Zhao S, et al. Declining stroke rates in
Californian children with sickle cell disease. Blood, 2004, 104: 36–339[128] Anon. Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH).
June, 25, 2010. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00122980 (accessed Aug 17, 2010)
[129] Verduzco LA, Nathan DG. Sickle cell disease and stroke. Blood, 2009,
114: 5117–25
[130] Smith ER, McClain CD, Heeney M, et al. Pial synangiosis in patients
with moyamoya syndrome and sickle cell anemia: perioperative management and surgical outcome. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 26: 1–8[131] Kwiatkowski JL, Zimmerman RA, Pollock AN, et al. Silent infarcts in
young children with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol, 2009, 146: 300–05
[132] Anon. Silent cerebral infarct multi-center clinical trial. May 6, 2010.
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00072761 (accessed Aug 17, 2010)
[133] Hogan AM, Pit-ten Cate IM, Vargha-Khadem F, et al. Physiological
correlates of intellectual function in children with sickle cell disease: hypoxaemia, hyperaemia and brain infarction. Dev Sci, 2006, 9: 379–87[134] Gladwin MT, Vichinsky E. Pulmonary complications of sickle cell
disease. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359: 2254–65
[135] Vichinsky EP, Neumayr LD, Earles AN, et al. Causes and outcomes of
the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med, 2000, 342: 1855–65
[136] Bernini JC, Rogers ZR, Sandler ES, et al. Beneficial effect of
intravenous dexamethasone in children with mild to moderately severe
The Lancet Chinese Edition
专题研讨·Seminar
acute chest syndrome complicating sickle cell disease. Blood, 1998, 92: 3082–89
[137] Machado RF, Gladwin MT. Pulmonary Complications of Hematological
Disease. In: Murray RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin T, et al. Murray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 5th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2010: 1999–2021
[138] Bachir D, Parent F, Hajji L, et al. Prospective multicentric survey on
pulmonary hypertension (PH) in adults with sickle cell disease. Blood, 2009, 114: 572
[139] Machado RF, Martyr S, Kato GJ, et al. Sildenafil therapy in patients
with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension. Br J Haematol, 2005, 130: 445–53
[140] Sachdev V, Machado RF, Shizukuda Y, et al. Diastolic dysfunction is an
independent risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007, 49: 472–79
[141] Mekontso Dessap A, Leon R, Habibi A, et al. Pulmonary hypertension
and cor pulmonale during severe acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008, 177: 646–53
[142] Scheinman JI. Sickle cell disease and the kidney. Nat Clin Pract
Nephrol, 2009, 5: 78–88
[143] Ware RE, Rees RC, Sarnaik SA, et al. Renal function in infants with
sickle cell anemia: baseline data from the BABY HUG trial. J Pediatr, 2010, 156: 66–70
[144] Neumayr LD, Aguilar C, Earles AN, et al. Physical therapy alone
compared with core decompression and physical therapy for femoral head osteonecrosis in sickle cell disease. Results of a multicenter study at a mean of three years after treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2006, 88: 2573–82
[145] Hernigou P, Daltro G, Filippini P, et al. Percutaneous implantation of
autologous bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells as treatment of bone avascular necrosis related to sickle cell disease. Open Orthop J, 2008, 2: 62–65
[146] Sayag D, Binaghi M, Souied EH, et al. Retinal photocoagulation for
proliferative sickle cell retinopathy: a prospective clinical trial with new sea fan classification. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2008, 18: 248–54[147] Siqueira RC, Costa RA, Scott IU, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab
(Avastin) injection associated with regression of retinal neova-scularization caused by sickle cell retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 2006, 84: 834–35
[148] Mekeel KL, Langham MR Jr, Gonzalez-Peralta R, et al. Liver
transplantation in children with sickle-cell disease. Liver Transpl, 2007, 13: 505–08
[149] Rachid-Filho D, Cavalcanti AG, Favorito LA, et al. Treatment of
recurrent priapism in sickle cell anemia with finasteride: a new approach. Urology, 2009, 74: 1054–57
[150] Hagar W, Vichinsky E. Advances in clinical research in sickle cell
disease. Br J Haematol, 2008, 141: 346–56
（责任编辑 胡玉平）
463