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Article 7 The people’s courts must take the facts as the basis and take the law as the criterion when adjudicating civil cases.
Article 8 All parties to a civil litigation shall have equal litigation rights. The people’s courts shall, when adjudicating civil cases, guarantee and facilitate all parties to exercise their litigation rights, and apply the law equally to all parties.
Article 9 When adjudicating civil cases, the people’s courts may mediate the disputes according to the principles of voluntariness and lawfulness; if a mediation agreement can not be reached, the courts shall render judgments without delay.
Article 10 When adjudicating civil cases, the people’s courts shall apply the systems of collegial panel, recusal, public trial, and “two trials and the second one is final”.
Article 11 Chinese citizens of all ethnicities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in civil proceedings.
In the areas where an ethnic minority is concentrated or a number of different ethnic nationalities live together, the people’s courts shall conduct hearings and publish legal documents in the spoken and written languages commonly used by these people.
The people’s courts shall provide translations for any litigation participants who are not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used by the local people.
Article 12 When adjudicating civil cases by the people’s court, the parties shall have the right to engage in argument.
Article 13 The parties to a civil litigation shall be entitled, within the scope stipulated by law, to dispose their rights of civil affairs and litigation.
Article 14 The people’s procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legal supervision over the civil proceedings.
Article 15 If the civil rights and interests of the state, a collective, or an individual have been infringed, a state organ, public organization, enterprise, or institution may support the injured unit or individual to initiate legal action in a people’s court.
Article 16 The People’s Conciliation Committees are the organizations for mass to mediate civil disputes derived from private citizens under the guidance of basic people’s governments and the basic people’s courts.
The People’s Conciliation Committees shall conduct all mediations according to legal provisions and the principle of voluntariness. All concerned parties shall enforce mediation agreement. Where any concerned parties refuse mediation, fail to reach a mediation agreement, or retract a mediation agreement, they may initiate legal proceedings in a people’s court.
If a People’s Conciliation Committee violates the law when mediating civil disputes, the people’s court shall correct it.