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第 2 页，共 25 页 2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题
（一）
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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms
1． Metonymy
【答案】 Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name , but by 也e name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance , “Washington ”，as the capital of the United States , can be used as a metonym （an instance of metonymy ） for the United States government.
2． Language acquisition
【答案】 It refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situations.
3． CALL
【答案】 It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning , which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs , the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step , asking question to check comprehension. Depending on the student^ response , the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.
4． computational linguistics
【答案】 Computational linguistics is a branch of applied linguistics , dealing with computer processing of human language , h includes programmed instruction , speech synthesis and recognition , automatic translation , and computer mediated communication.
5． Foregrounding
【答案】 This term is meant for what is unusual , attractive , unconventional , salient. In literature , foregrounding is often achieved through unconventional expressions which attract the readers9 attention. The main manifestations of foregrounding are deviation and parallelism.
二、Fill-in-the-blanks
6． The term _____ originates from Malinowski ’s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders. It refers to the social interaction of language.
【答案】phatic communion
【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski 提出。