environment of innovation,”says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco System. “China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S.” That means U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality , low cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. “If the issue is the size of the total pie, globa lization has proved a good thing,” say Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. “If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you’re in the Western world you could question that.”
但是，故去的二十年见证了另外一些重大参与者的出现。发达国家正在开辟一条通向中国和印度的大门的道路-------中国和印度的公司却将眼光投向海外以谋求未来的发展。北京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓励中国企业购买海外资产。亚洲各国正在形成“一个卓越的创新性环境”，思科系统公司的首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯如是说，“目前中国和印度的工科大学毕业生是我们美国的五倍还多。”那就意味着美国和欧洲的公司正面临着来自外海的高质量且低成本的竞争。难怪那么多西方工人担心失业。“如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全球化已经被证明是件好事。”贝恩管理咨询公司的董事长奥里特·加迪西说，“如果问题是在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。”
8 The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman S achs predicted that four economies – Russia, Brazil, India and China – will b ecome a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, base d on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially