用于图像篡改定位和恢复的分层半脆弱数字水印算法的详细介绍
第28卷第7期 2007年7月
通 信 学 报
Journal on Communications
Vol.28 No.7July 2007
用于图像篡改定位和恢复的分层半脆弱数字水印算法
刘泉,江雪梅
(武汉理工大学 信息工程学院,湖北 武汉430070)
摘 要:设计并实现了一种基于分层的半脆弱数字水印算法,用于图像内容完整性认证,篡改定位和恢复。在嵌入方,将水印信息嵌入到原始图像所有像素的2bit最低有效比特,其中认证水印由奇偶校验码和块与子块之间灰度平均值的比较组成;恢复水印为环面自同构映射块的平均灰度值。在检测方,采用分层思想,分3层对水印进行篡改定位和恢复。实验结果表明,该算法对局部发生的篡改可以有效地检测,精确定位并进行内容恢复,同时能够有效的抵抗矢量量化攻击。
关键词:半脆弱水印;分层篡改定位;篡改恢复;环面自同构映射;矢量量化 中图分类号:TN918
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-436X(2007)07-0104-07
Hierarchical semi-fragile digital watermarking algorithm for
image tamper localization and recovery
LIU Quan, JIANG Xue-mei
(School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: A hierarchical semi-fragile digital watermarking algorithm was designed for image content integrality authentication, tamper localization and recovery. In the process of embedding watermarking, 2 LSB of all pixels of original image was used to embed watermark, where the authentication watermarking was made up of parity check code and comparison of average intensities between block and sub-block, the recovery watermark was average intensity information of Torus autoorphism mapping block. The watermarking detection algorithm based on a hierarchical structure was divided into three levels to carry out tamper localization and tamper recovery. The experiment results show that the proposed semi-fragile watermarking algorithm had good capability of tamper detection, localization and recovery, and can resist against vector quantization attacks.
Key words: semi-fragile watermarking; hierarchical tamper localization; tamper recovery; torus automorphism mapping; vector quantization
动了以知识产权保护和完整性认证为目标的数字水印技术的研究。数字水印技术利用人的视、听觉特性和媒体内容的冗余性,有控制地将一些标识信近年来多媒体的应用取得了惊人的进展。数字
息嵌入多媒体中,这些标识信息以后可以用作版权媒体易于编辑、合成、复制和传播的优点在给人们
证明、完整性认证、拷贝控制和内容注释等目的。 带来方便的同时,也使它的知识产权保护和真实
数字水印的早期研究主要集中在用于版权保护 性、完整性的认证等问题成为人们关注的焦点,推
收稿日期:2006-12-12;修回日期:2007-04-30
) 基金项目 :教育部博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20060497005 Foundation Item:The Special Fund of Doctor Subject of Ministry of Education(20060497005)
1 引言