翻译常用八种方法(考试复习)(2)

2019-08-01 22:39

如原文中的名词可以转移成译文中的动词等词类。众所周知,语言是个无限制生成的系统,在翻译实践中,词类转移的情形也是千变万化的。重要的是,要知道在翻译中为了保证译文忠于原文并使译文合乎表达习惯,可以改变词类。下面所举的例子可以说明词类转移的一些常用情况。

The language is not easy to master. If you want to master it, you should work hard.

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

这句话的英译文应该说是忠实而地道的,但分析一下汉英文中的词类,却很少是对应的。原文中的词类到了译文中,差不多都发生了变化:“学好”是动词,意思上相应的英文词mastery是名词;“随便”是副词,意思上相应的英文词是作表语的easy,等等。假若译文中的英文词类、词序都与汉语完全相同,不作任何改变,那么这就不成一句英文句子了。

5.词序调整法inversion

词序指一个句子中各个成份的先后次序,由于英汉两种语言的词序不完全一样,词序安排在翻译中是一个值得注意的问题。 首先我们来看一下,许多短语汉英词序是不同的,如:

(1) 钢铁:iron and steel (2) 田径:track and field

(3) 东北:northeast (4) 华东:East China

(5) Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Brigade, The Sixth Division, Pakistan Army

巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默

德·汗少将。

(6) Now we dream of our matriculation, or the examination for the doctor's degree- and who has not been faint-hearted on such occasions? Whenever we fear that we may be

punished by some unpleasant result because we have done something carelessly or wrongly, because we have not been as thorough as we might have been- in short, whenever we feel the burden of responsibility.

这时候,我们就会梦到大学入学考试,或梦到博士学位的考试。一旦我们担心由于自己的粗心(粗心大意)或失误(发挥失常)、或由于没有全力以赴而考砸,可能遭到惩罚时,总之,一旦我们感到需要承担责任的压力,在这些情况下,谁不心怵胆怯呢? 6.分译division/splitting

把原文句子中的个别词、短语或从句分离出来,单独译出,自成短句,或使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如:

(1) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.我离开那个单人掩体速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会像出膛的子弹一样。(名词译成小句)

(2) These are the ineradicable memories of the punishments we suffered as children for misdeeds which we had committed- memories which were revived in us on the dies irae, dies ①

illa of the gruelling examination at the two critical junctures in our careers as students.

我们对童年所犯错误(考试糟糕)而遭受的惩罚,还心有余悸,而且这种记忆根深蒂固,难以消除。在我们学生生涯的两个关键阶段,每当参加令人心力交瘁、精疲力竭的考试,这种记忆在我们的内心深处,就会不断被唤醒。

(3) But owing to the constant presence of air currents arranging both the dust and vapor in strata of varying extent and density, and of high or low clouds which both absorb and reflect the light in varying degrees, we see produced all those wondrous combinations of tints and those gorgeous ever-changing colors which are a constant source of admiration and delight to all who have the advantage of

uninterrupted view to the west and who are accustomed to watch for those not infrequent exhibitions of nature's kaleidoscopic colors painting.

由于不断出现气流,把尘埃与水气分层排列,广度不均(范围不一)、密度各异,加上高、低空不断出现的云层,不同程度地吸收和反射阳光, 我们才看到各种绚丽多姿(光怪陆离/色彩缤纷/色彩斑斓)的色调和变化多端(千变万化/变化万千/瞬息万变)的绚丽色彩(美妙画面)。任何人只要有机会(有幸)将西边(西面/西天/西部)的美景(景致)尽收眼底(一览无余),只要有心观看(观赏/欣赏)大自然不时(经常/时常)展出(展现/呈现)的缤纷画卷(自然美景),都会为之(感到)叹为观止(赞美不已/惊叹不已),喜不自胜(赏心悦目)。

7. 正说反译,反说正译法

negation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。negation作为一种翻译技巧,


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