相当于had better
You may as well do it at once.
2.may well + 动词原形”是一种常见的结构,意为“(完全)能,很可能”
He may well be proud of his son.
他大可为儿子高兴。
3. cannot … too / enough 表示 “无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”
You cannot be too careful. 4. had better 最好
You had better not wake me up when you come in. *两大类区别:
一、表示能力: can, be able to
be able to 能用于各种时态。
can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力
*was / were able to : “设法做成某事”
相当于 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth. 二、used to 和would 的区别
used to过去常常(但现在已无此习惯,would无此含义)
He used to drink beer, now he drinks wine.他过去喝啤酒,现在
喝白酒。
would只能用来谈动作;used to用来谈动作或状态(可与
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be, live, like, stay等状态动词连用):
He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。
We used to live in a small town.(不能用would) Be used to doing sth: 习惯于做某事
专四语法考点串讲之三 非谓语动词 ◆ 非谓语动词是历年专四测试的重中之重,每年试题一般一到
两道(1-2分)。
◆ 命题特点
1. 非谓语动词的时态与语态; 2. 非谓语动词的否定式;
3. 动词不定式的各种形式及应用; 4. -ing结构的各种形式及应用; 5. -ed结构在句中的不同用法; 6.非谓语动词作状语、宾语等的辨析; 7.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。
【非谓语动词基础知识 】一个句子当中,已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下, 需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分。
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动词不定式; 现在分词; 过去分词; 动名词 I.不定式的时态及语态
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或
进行式 to be doing 表示谓语的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生
用途: 表将来 表某一次具体的动作 表目的
I have a lot work to do; I do not like to dance; To
learn English well, I practice more. 2. 动名词
一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done having been done 在谓语动作之前
用途: 抽象、习惯性( his hobby is painting; I am proud of being a Chinese)
3.分词的时态和语态
现在分词 一般式 doing being done
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完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 done
用途: 现在分词: 主动、进行、令人……的
过去分词: 被动、完成、 感到……的 The swimming boy is Tom. (主动、进行) the room facing south(主动)
The film is disappointing. Tom is disappointed(令人……的)/(感到)
Look at the broken glass.(被动、完成)
注意* 所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的_前面_
*如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生,有时需要用动词的完成时态。
● 考点一
不定式做结果状语的固定搭配
too +adj/adv to do, so +adj/adv as to do , such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。 ● 考点二?使……怎么样?之类的动词
amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move, relax, satisfy, shock, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, insp
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ire, terrify, worry,它们的ing形式表示主动,而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下?人?用过去分词,?物?用ing形式。 *考点三 除。.之外的介词but except,前面有行为动词do时,不定式不带to,否则带to.
*考点四 why not do sth (为何不做某事)
● 固定搭配
cannot / hardly / never / scarcely too …to… “越……越好;无论……也/都不过分”。
You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。
can’t (help/choose) but 不得不,只能,不禁 I cannot help but tell her the truth. 我只能告诉她真相。
*解题思路:看似纷繁复杂的各种非谓语动词考题实际上是有解题规律可寻的,
非谓语动词解题四步曲:
一、首先抓住主谓结构,确定主句 没有连接词 只有一个主语 二、分析主动被动
分析语态就是在确定主语之后,分析非谓语动词和主语在搭配
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