Stems and Affixes
1 Prefixes 前缀
Prefix Meaning Examples
ad (a, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as) to advance, acquire, affix, aggressive, allocation, anante anti auto bi
circum (circu) com (co, col, con) de di
tri
dis en (em) ex
il, im, in
inter, intro, intra, intel
mal macro micro mis
mono
multi non
ob (有变体)
before, in front of against
self, self-acting two, twice around, circle together, with down from, apart two,
three
not apart make around out of, from, away from more than former not into between, inside, within, interrupt, interpose, inward, into
bad, badly great small, tiny wrong(ly) bad one, single, alone many, much not, without against, not clear, approach, arrest, assert antecedent, anteroom antithesis, antimagnetic
autonomous, autocracy, automobile, automaton bimonthly, biennial
circumscribe, circumference,circulation
combine, cohabit, collision, converse despise, dehydrate, decapitate dioxide, dialogue对话
separate divorce, diversify
triangle
discourage, dissatisfy disband, disperse, disrupt, diffuse empower, enlarge, enpurple encircle, embrace
Extract抽出, expose, exclude excess, exceed, exaggerate ex-wife, ex-president illegal, immature, inactive insert, implant, 移植 introvert, introspect
intramural, intracellular, intracity
intelligible, intellect
malfunction, maladaptation, malaria疟疾, malappmacrocosm, macrostructure microcosm, microstructure misbehave, mismanage misfortune, mischance monocracy, monotonous, multilateral, multipurpose, multiply, multilingual nonstop, nonsticking, nonattacking object, opaque, offend,
opposite over more than per through pre before pro
forward for, in favor of re back, again semi half, partly retro back, backward stereo solid, three dimensional sub(suf, sug, sup, sus, sur) under, below, lower
syl, sym, syn together, the same
tele far away trans
across
beyond Ultra 超过的 excessive, extreme up upward, in an upward
direction
un not under below, beneath, under uni one
obtriangular, obpyramidal overestimate, overcharge pervious, pervade, perennial, perforate prearranged, previous prospect, projector pro-slavery,
reload, retrace semicircle, semifinal 半圆；半决赛 retrospect, 回顾追忆对证 stereophone, stereoanalysis, stereochemistry submerge, subtitle, subeditor suffer, suggest, surrounding, suspend
syllabus, syllogism, symphony, symmetry, synthet
synchronize
telescope, telecast, telelecture teleconversation
transport, transfer, transparent
transonic, transnormal 超出常规的
ultramodern, ultraviolet 过于现代化的
upright, upstream, upheaval, upgrade
unqualified, unload undergo, underestimate, undertake, undermine universe, unify, unilateral, uniform
2 Suffixes 后缀
There are mainly four kinds of suffixes: noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adj. suffixes and adv. suffixes.
Noun Suffixes
Noun suffix
ship hood fold age ian ant ee iot aut er, ar, or, ist
Meaning
关系, 状态, 身份 资格, 技巧, 技能 总人数 状态, 性质, 集体, 时期 time(s) state place amount one who one who one who
one who one who one who one who
Examples
relationship, kingship,
apprenticeship, horsemanship
penmanship, membership, readership falsehood, bachelorhood, neighborhood orphanhood, maidenhood manifold, millionfold advantage, heritage village, anchorage,
mileage, carriage, postage, portage magician, physician
assistant, inhabitant 居住者 trainee, interviewee
patriot, compatriot, 爱国者同胞 astronaut, aquanaut 海底观察员 writer, navigator, pianist, economist,
tude (t)ure al
ance, ence cy, ency ness tion, sion ment ty, ity ology ism
Verb Suffixes
Verb Suffix
ate en ify ize
Adj. Suffixes
Adjective Suffix
able, ible ful
less al
ant, ent state of latitude, altitude, attitude, longitude 维度高度 state of mixture, departure
state of renewal, withdrawal 更新（renew） state of importance, interference, state of infancy, tendency 初期趋势 state of carefulness, consciousness state of solution, reduction, permission, state of rearmament, equipment, state of density, purity, morality study of theology, psychology
doctrine of egoism, socialism 利己主义
Meaning
Examples
make or cause to happen create, evacuate make or cause to happen shorten, heighten
make or cause to happen glorify, certify, rectify, notify, make or cause to happen
modernize, publicize, polularize
Meaning
Examples
capable of edible, convertible, unreadable full of
beautiful, graceful
handful, cupful, armful without
hopeless, limitless having the nature of cultural, economical having the nature of
pleasant, dependent,
ish ive ly
ed, ing ous, y
having the nature of having the nature of having the nature of having the nature of having the nature of having the nature of foolish, childish
expensive, responsive, indicative lovely, lively
excited, interesting glorious, prosperous tasty, windy, dusty, dirty
Adv. Suffixes
Adverb Suffix
ly ward wise
Meaning
in a certain manner in the direction of in the direction of
Examples
slowly, happily
westward, homeward
clockwise, counterclockwise
Noun Suffixes
1.Some examinees’handwriting was too poor for the gradersto recognize. 2.We don't pay our financial analyststo be wise after the event! 分析师 3.The newspaper have a very popular columnistcomment on current affairs.
专栏作家
4.The success of Jane Eyre is due to its introduction to the English novel the first governessheroine. 女家庭教师
5.He's a popular television entertainer. 表演者
6.What she said was a useful simplificationof the theory. 简介
7.The exclusionof women from the temple made them feel sad. 排除 驱逐