12.______per__vade (spread through)
13.____per____ennial (active throughout the year) 14.______pre__paid (paid in advance) 15.______per__forate (make holes through) 16.______per__centage (proportion)
17.______per__fect (complete with everything needed, without fault) 18._____pre___mature (happening before the right time) 19.______pre__decessor (former holder of any officer position) 20.______pre__determine (decree beforehand)
Ex. 2 Choose a prefix to make the word complete according to the definition provided.
anti-: against (anti- / pro-)
ante-: before, prior to, in front of (ante- / pre-)
1._____ante___room (a small room leading into a large one) 2.____ante____date (come before in time)
3._____anti___dote (medicine used against a poison or to prevent a disease from having an effect)
4._____ante___cedent (any happening or thing prior to another)
5._____antibody (substance formed in the blood tending to inhibit or destroy harmful bacteria)
6.____anti____knock (substance added to the fuel in a motorcar engine to reduce noise)
7.__ante______natal (before birth)
8.__anti______tank (for use against military)
Ex. 3 Guess the meaning of the underlined word by using the word formation information you have learned.
1.Wish you perennial youth / happiness! (-enn-: year) 永远的 2.Was the South pro-slavery or anti-slavery? 支持、反对
3.Our new doctor is much younger than his predecessor / antecessor. (-cede-, -ceed-, -cess-: go, step) 前辈
4.Prenataldiagnosis employs a variety of techniques to determine the health and condition of an unborn fetus. (-natal: about birth) 产前的 5.Perfusewater over the ground before you sweep. (-fuse-: pour) 洒遍 6.The map shows that we should go anticlockwise. There is a shortcut. 逆时针
Clockwise 顺时针的
7.I perceivedthat I could not make her change her mind. (-ceive-: take) 感觉 8.The delegation decided to prolongtheir visit by one week. 延长 9.Hope is the antithesisof despair. 对立面
Word Formation (Prefixes: com-, syn-, uni-, mono-, and other “number” prefixes)
(1)“Belong” collocates with “to”. 把。。配置，搭配在一起 -locate-: put, place (locate, allocate,分配 relocate重新配置)
(2)Metal contracts as it cools. 融化 -tract-: pull, drag (distract, attract, tractor)
(3)This monument commemorates our victory. 共同庆祝纪念 -memo(r)-: remember (memo, memorial, memory)
(4)The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.
-fer-: take, carry, bear (refer, prefer, differ) 共同讨论 (5)They built the city at the confluence of two rivers. 汇流处 -flu-: flow (fluent, influence, flu)
(6)The criminals conspired to rob a bank. 同谋搞阴谋
-spir(e)-: breathe (respiratory呼吸的, inspire, aspire渴望追求立志要 后接after,at,to,toward)
(7)Several circumstances concurred to bring about the present state of affairs. -cur-: happen (occur, recur) 一起发生
(8)Symmetry is one the main features of Chinese traditional architecture. 对称 -metry-: measure (geometry, astrometry)
(9)They synchronized their trip with the annual tulip festival. 同时化
-chron-: time (chronological, chronometer精密计时表，航海时针，音乐节拍机)
(10)His works synthesize photography, painting and linguistic devices. 综合 -thes-: place (antithesis, synthesis)
(11)Beethoven had composed many world-famous symphonies. 交响乐
-phone-, -phony-: sound (telephone, earphone)
(12)My job at the assembly line of the car factory is rather monotonous. mono + ton(e) + ous
(13)Hitler was known as a vicious monocrat.独裁者
-crat /cracy-: 统治 rule (democracy民主政治, autocracy独裁政治) (14)The movie starts with a long monologue. 独白 -logue-: speak (dialogue)
(15)The high temperature results in the production of relatively high proportion of carbon monoxide.一氧化物 -oxide: oxygen (dioxide二氧化)
(16)It was so popular it became a unisex hairstyle. 不分男女的
(17)The acrobat杂技演员 performed on a unicycle. 独轮脚踏 表演杂技用 (18)The sculpture is the mythical unicorn. 独角兽
(19)The candidates had to state their position on unilateral disarmament. 单方的
lateral: side (bi-lateral双方, multi-lateral多方)
(20)The rows of houses were uniform in appearance. 统一的 form: shape (transform, malformed, conformity)
Word Formation (Prefixes: dis-, un-, in- / im- / ir- / il-, non-, mis- / mal-)I. Guess the underlined word by using the related word formation information.
(1)The war seemed likely to disruptthe state. 分裂
-rupt-: break (interrupt, abrupt, rupture, corrupt)
(2)The sun soon dispelledthe thick fog over the field. 驱散 -pel-: drive, push (compel, expel, repel, impel, propel) (3)It is difficult to discernthe truth. 辨别分清 -cern-: separate
(4)Fashion trends diffusethemselves rapidly around the globe. 扩散 -fuse-: pour (confuse, perfuse, refuse, infuse, effuse)
(5)Can you help me to unhook the fish? 把。。从勾上取下来 hook 钩 (6)Untie me from the chair. 解开
(7)The story unfolds as the film goes on. 展开
(8)Inequalities in wealth cause social unrest. 不安骚乱
(9)The unbound sheets of paper were piled up on the table. Unbind 解开结子 (bind, bound, bound)
(10)He helps to look after his grandfather who is invalid. 有病的病弱的 (11)The deer stood immobile among the trees. 不动的
(12)There was a sudden influx of household electric products onto the market. 流入注入 -flu-: flow (confluence, fluently, influence, etc.)
(13)The news infused the workers with new life. 鼓舞注入（新力量） II. Do you recognize the following words? nonalcoholic (a.) beverages 不含酒精的 nonsmoking (a.) area 无烟的 non-sticking (a.) pan 不粘附的
non-interference (n.) 不冲突，不干预 nonaggression (n.) 不侵犯
non-resistant (a.) 不耐久的，不可抵抗的，不稳定的 nonreader (n.) 不能阅读的人，阅读能力很差的人 non-fiction (n.) 非虚构的 mistrust (v.) 误信
mistime (v.) 使。。不合时宜，搞错时间 misread (v.) 误读 misfortune (n.) 不幸
mischance (n.) 不巧，不信灾难横祸 misplace (n.) 不合适 maltreat (v.) 虐待
malfunction (v.) 失灵故障
malpractice (n.) 渎职，违法行为玩忽职守 malformed (adj.) 畸形的，残缺的 maladministration (n.) 暴政乱政 maladapt (v.) 不适应
Word Formation (trans-, inter-, intr-, en-, retro-, circum)
(1) The trans atlantic cable connect the two countries. 横跨大西洋的 (2) He is busy transplanting the flowers to the garden. 移植