贵州电子信息职业技术学院
毕业设计（论文）
题目：基于PLC和MCGS的自动化立体停车场自动控制系统设计
姓 名：杨春跃 专业名称：机电一体化 指导老师：占 刚
完成时间：2011年10月20日
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摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展，城市人口日益增多，特别是随着改革开放以来，我国进入了汽车拥有率迅速上升时候。以往那种单层平面停车场也越来越不能满足市场的需求。对多停车位、少占空间、使用操作简单、安全可靠的“自动停车场”的建设，是解决目前寸土寸金的大都市内停车难的有效办法。
自动停车场是一种以单层平面停车场为核心、多平面的空间停车车库，通过可编程控制器，简称PLC)控制车位空间位置的变动,使车位能够实现空间到平面的转化，实现多重单层平面停车的功能。升降横移式立体车库利用托盘移位产生垂直通道，实现多层车位的升降来存取车辆。
主要通过对升降横移式立体车库原理的研究，探讨了应用可编程控制器PLC实现车库的控制系统。控制系统的监控采用基于WINDOWS平台的工控组态软件MCGS，通过对组态软件数据库的构建、动画的连接及控制流程编制、调试，实现了自动停车场的监控系统，最后探讨了利用MCGS实现远程控制的网络功能。
本文的研究对PLC在计算机自动化控制系统中的应用，以及利用MCGS实现工业工程实时监控，提高工业的自动化水平，都具有很重要的实践意义。
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目录
摘要 ································································································· I 目录 ································································································ II 第一章 绪论 ···················································································· 1
1.1 立体车库的概述 ····································································· 1
1.1.1 概述 ·············································································· 1 1.1.2 自动停车场的分类及其特点 ··············································· 1 1.2 自动停车场的国内外发展状况 ··················································· 3
1.2.1 国外的发展状况 ······························································· 3 1.2.2国内的发展现状 ······························································· 4 1.3 论文的目的与意义 ······························································ 6
第二章 升降横移式立体停车库 ···························································· 8
2.1 概述 ····················································································· 8 2.2升降横移式立体停车库的主要组成部分 ········································ 8 2.3 升降横移式立体车库车位结构 ··················································· 8 2.4 升降横移式立体停车库的结构及运动规律 ···································· 8 第三章 升降横移式立体停车库的控制系统 ············································· 10
3.1 升降横移式立体停车库控制原理及控制系统组成 ·························· 10 3.2 升降横移式立体停车库系统的控制形式 ······································ 11
3.2.1 继电器控制 ···································································· 11 3.2.2 可编程控制器(Programmable LogicController) ··················· 11 3.2.3 单片微机(Single Chip MicroComputer)控制 ························ 13 3.3升降横移式立体停车库3×6控制系统 ········································ 14
3.3.1 升降横移式立体停车库控制系统的控制任务 ························· 14 3.3.2 升降横移式立体停车库控制系统的基本要求 ························· 16 3.3.3 升降横移式立体停车库控制系统硬件的确定 ························· 17
第四章 升降横移式立体停车库PLC控制的控制程序 ································· 24
4.1 软件所要完成的控制任务 ························································ 24 4.2 控制程序流程图 ···································································· 24 4.3 升降横移式立体停车库控制原理及控制系统组成 ·························· 24 4.4 升降横移式立体停车库系统的控制形式 ······································ 27 4.5升降横移类立体车库的梯形图 ··················································· 27 第五章 基于MCGS对车库控制系统的应用研究 ········································ 36
5.1 MCGS工控组态软件简介 ··························································· 36
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5.2 MCGS的系统需求 ···································································· 37
5.2.1 继电器控制 ···································································· 37 5.2.2可编程控制器(Programmable LogicController) ···················· 37 5.3 基于MCGS仿真实现的意义 ······················································· 38 5.4 MCGS软件研究分析及工程画面的实现 ········································ 38 5.5 MCGS实时数据库的研究 ··························································· 40
5.5.1数据对象的类型 ······························································ 40 5.5.2 车库控制系统数据库的研究及构造 ····································· 41 5.6 工程画面的连接及图面仿真研究 ··············································· 41 5.7 控制系统控制流程的研究 ························································ 44
5.7.1 脚本程序简介 ································································· 44 5.7.2 脚本程序基本语句 ··························································· 44 5.7.3脚本语言的编辑 ······························································ 45 5.8 MCGS的网络通信 ································································· 51
第六章 总结 ·································································································· 52
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第1章 绪论
1.1自动停车场的概述
1.1.1概述
机械式自动停车场就的方式用机构来存取、停放车辆的整个停车设施，即用机械设备将汽车存放到停车位或从停车位取出的方式，在市场需求的迫切影响下应运而生的一种新型停车系统，与传统的自走式停车库不同，在用地紧张，车多位少的状况下，将车辆多层存放，其最大的优点是能够大量节省有限的地表面积，将停车位向空间和地下发展，采用光机电方式存取汽车，自动化程度较高，代表了停车场的发展方向。
1.1.2自动停车场的分类及其特点
机械式自动停车场种类较多，运行原理和结构组成各有特点，目前我国把机械式停车设备共分为九大类，代码4D10---4D90，即：升降横移类(psh)，垂直循环类(pcs多层循环类(pds)、平面移动类(ppy)、巷道堆垛类(pxd)、水平循环类(psx)、垂直升降类(pcs)、简易升降类(pjs)、汽车专用升降机类(pqs)。上述各种类型的停车设备，采用不同的工作原理和技术，适用于不同的场地条件，各有其特点和优势。
(1)升降横移类采用以载车板升降或横移存取车辆的机械式停车设备的立体停车库叫升降横移机械式车库。升降横移式立体车库采用模块化设计，车位数从几个到上百个均可采用，能利用多种场地条件，运用多种组合方式，有效利用场地现有空间，也能广泛使用于地下停车场及地面停车场的改造，主要应用在住宅社区的公用停车场、机关单位、商用写字楼、宾馆饭店的地上、地下停车场，如图1-1所示。
图1-1升降横移类立体车库 图1-2垂直循环类立体车库
(2)垂直循环类采用垂直方向做循环运动的停车系统存取车辆的停车设备直循环类立体车库。这种停车库设备动力单一、控制简单、占地面积小，适散地块，小规模停车场，也可用于机关单位及车辆不多、停车区域小又分散车场，如图1-2所示。
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