1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C
? Vocabulary 1.
1) appreciate A.感激
B. 欣赏，赏识 2 ) Capacity
A. 容量，容积，容纳力 B. 能力，力量，才能 3) channel A. 频道
B. 把---导向，引导，集中 4) contribute
A. 捐献，捐赠，贡献出 B. 有助于， 促成 5) flexible
A. 有弹性的，柔韧的 B. 灵活的，可变通的 6) guilt
A. 罪，罪行 B. 内疚，自责，悔恨 7) potential
A. 潜在的，可能的 B. 潜力，潜能 8) rigid
A. 硬的，不易弯曲的 B. 严格的，刻板的 2． achieve---achievement
depend---dependence cruel---cruelty
genuine---genuineness aware---awareness capable---capability expect---expectation limit---limitation unique—uniqueness respond—response
disappoint---disappointment behave—behavior 1) expectation
2) limitations
3) capability
4) achievement
5) response
6) awareness 3. 1) entered into 4) unaware of
7) behavior 8) disappointment 9) cruelty 2) channeled ---into 3) holds/held back 5) separates---from 6) referred to ---as
10) dependence
7) lived up to 8) calls for 9) contributes to 10) sees/ saw ---as
? Translation
1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.
2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness. 3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.
5. Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words. 6. Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back. 7. It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain.
8. The scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
Part Four
Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice
1) Failure is the mother of success.
2) Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win.
3) Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now. 4) One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly.
5) A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others. On the contrary/ Instead, he will ask
himself: “ What can I leave to this world?”
6) A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society, not the one who
is the richest, or the most famous.
3. Writing
Some people say that winning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful, and other think winning means being happy. I think winning means doing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can only live in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We shouldn’t think too much about what we can get form this world. Instead, we should think about what we can leave in this world. The one who can make more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example, cleaning the street is a humble job in many people’s eyes, but in my opinion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They make our city more beautiful. They give us a better environment and consequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people make money at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: they cheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winners or losers? It’s time to give it a second thought.
Unit 4
Part Two
Post-Reading
? Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction (Para. 1-2)
The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is. 2) The study of the placebo(Para.3-7)
i)The placebo works because the human mind fools itself. ii)The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.
iii)The doctor 70 percent or the people only 25 percent of the people
3) seasickness, coughs, colds, pain after an operation nothing at all The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. a placebo The second group had much better health and a lower death rate. a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age. The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo. 4) if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) Yes 2) No 3) Maybe 4) Yes ? Vocabulary 1.
1) A. a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drink B. the treatment and study of illness and injuries 2) A. an act of firing a gun
B. an injection of a drug
3) A. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work
B a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside 4) A. become whole and sound, return to health
B. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience 5) A. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them.
B. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness. 6) A. the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged
B. the process of making a machine or system work 7) A. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing with
B. a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group 8) A. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicate
B. tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc. 2. 1) a
2) e
3) f
4) d
5) g
6) h
7) c
8) b
? Translation
1) All I can say is that we are extremely sorry. 2) In many cases regulations alone will not work.
3) He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence. 4) She stared at me as if I were a stranger.
5) It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 6) I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me.
5) Yes
6) No
7) Yes
8) Maybe
7) The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday. 8) I’d like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.
Part Four
Writing And Translation 2) Translation practice A: What are you doing?
B: I’m reading a magazine, Psychology.
A: Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology. B: You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life.
A: For example…?
B. For example, people can’t resist the temptation to buy clothes on sale; patients feel much better after they’ve taken some placebos.
A. Wait, …wait. I don’t think it has anything to do with psychology.
B. It does have something to do with psychology. People can’t help buying clothes on sale
because they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.
Patients who have taken some placebos feel much better because they constantly tell themselves that they will become better, and their strong will makes the wish to get better become reality.
A: Oh, I see. Does psychology also play a role in such cases as talking with friends and listening to fast music?
B. Yes, talking with friends can be relaxing, and listening to fast music can make people
energetic or dynamic. According to psychology, these are god ways of keeping a distance from depression and pressure.
3. Writing Sample 1
Psychology plays an important role in our daily life. Our feeling and attitudes color the way we behave. Confidence is a good example.
In reality, a great number of people complain that they are not able to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. In some cases, this may be true. But in other cases, it means that these people allow themselves to get discouraged.
For example, a confident man can accomplish many things. If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well. You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time. A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks. Without confidence you are likely to be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it. You may think you will fail, so as a result you will not try hard enough. As the old saying goes, where is a will, there is a way. In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it. Having confidence is an important part of our life. Sample 2
In our daily life, we often have to buy things. Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality form bad quality. Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made. What thoughts make us buy things?
A women may decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends choose that style. She wants to be like her friends. A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it is expensive. He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality. A student who has a lot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was designed by a well-known designer. Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.
These are not the logical reasons for buy things, but they explain the motivation behind people’s actions or behavior. It means that psychology or our mental state plays an important role in many aspects of our daily life.
Unit5
Part Two Post-Reading
? Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para.1) II Dreaming and sleeping (para. 2-3) 1) When does dreaming occur?
When we are in REM sleep.
2) What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream. III Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6)
1) Physiological Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.
2) Reflection of inner fears
Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.
IV Dreaming interpretation (para.7-9)
1) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life. 2) Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). 3) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.
2 Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) T 3) T 4)T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) F
? Vocabulary
1 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5) unconscious 6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless 2 Task A