求。学生不仅要掌握本学科的知识，还需要有广博的知识视野和先进的学习工具载体，而其中计算机技术在理论课学习中的运用，在素质教育中起着举足轻重的作用。因此，计算机软件模拟技术将会很快运用于现代化教学，从而使教学过程更加方便快捷，教学效果更加形象直观，进一步提高我国现代化教育进程，做到与国际接轨。
致谢：在这里，我首先向各位领导及老师致以崇高的敬意和深深的感谢。大学四年，我明白了许多道理，学会了许多知识，最重要的是我不再是一个只知道学习的呆子，我知道了如何学以致用。作为一名普通大学生，我完成了我应该完成的学业，我想说我爱你，大同大学。这篇论文是我的处女作，肯定会有许多不足之处，希望各位老师给予批评指正，敬礼！
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参考文献
（1）梁灿彬。《电磁学》，北京高等教育出版社，2004 （2）马涛，《数字化大学物理》浙江，浙江大学出版社，2008 （3）张德丰，《MATLAB数值计算方法》北京，机械工业出版社。2010
（4）刘定兴，胡先权，尖端导体表面附近的静电场研究【N】，重庆三峡学院学报， 22 （2006）104-106
（5）张志涌，matlab教程，北京航空航天大学出版社，2010，97-98
(6) C.Zhong,W.B.Hu,Y.F.Cheng,On the essential role of current density in
electrocatalytic activity of the electrodeposited platinum for oxidation of ammonia,J. Power Sources,196 (2011) 8064-8072.
（7）陈怀深。《MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南》，西安电子科技大学出版社 （8）程守株。《普通物理学》，高等教育出版社
（9）苏金明，张莲花，刘波。MATLAB工具箱应用，北京，电子工业出版社，2002 （10）MATLAB.help.美国。Math.work公司，2004
Abstract:in the 21st century, along with the computer technology to further improve and the
widespread use of computers at home, in a lot of teaching using computer software to assist in teaching is very common, but with a computer software in the simulation electricity and electromagnetism electric field and electric potential of the research are not common. In the study of electric field and potential problems, although electric field is real, but because of its abstract and difficult to be understood, and even in the lab, we also difficult to realize its ideal model. This allows teachers in the teaching process to be vivid and intuitive description, students in the learning process will be difficult to understand and accept. This paper, by using mathematical software MATLAB computer simulation in a vacuum free charge, electric dipole, a charged thin rods, cutting-edge conductors such as electric field lines and equipotential lines near the electrostatic field distribution pattern, making it more image, vivid, intuitive, more facilitate student learning, understand and accept, at the same time, make the teaching more convenient, quick.
Key words: MATLAB software, the electrostatic field, cutting-edge conductor, edge effect, the
electric field intensity, electric potential
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附录：
图一单个点电荷程序如下：
clear; E0=8.85e-12; c0=1/4/pi/E0; q=1.6*10^(-19); xm=2.5; ym=2;
x=linspace(-xm,xm); y=linspace(-ym,ym); [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); R=sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2); U=c0*q./R; u=1e-9:0.5e-9:5e-9; figure(1) contour(X,Y,U,u) hold on
plot(0,0,'o','markersize',12) axis equal axis tight
title('单个点电荷的平面电场线与等势线','fontsize',12); xlabel('r','fontsize',12); ylabel('E(U)','fontsize',12);
图二等量同号点电荷程序如下：
clear; clc; close all; E0=8.85e-12; c0=1/4/pi/E0; q=1.6*10^(-19);
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a=1; xm=2.5; ym=2;
x=linspace(-xm,xm); y=linspace(-ym,ym); [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); R1=sqrt((X+1).^2+Y.^2); R2=sqrt((X-1).^2+Y.^2); U=c0*q./R1+c0*q./R2; u=1e-9:0.5e-9:5e-9; figure(1) contour(X,Y,U,u) grid on
legend(num2str(u')) hold on
plot(-1,0,'o','markersize',12) plot(1,0,'o','markersize',12) axis equal tight
title('等量同号点电荷的电场线与等势线','fontsize',12) xlabel('r','fontsize',12) ylabel('E(u)','fontsize',12) txt=[num2str(a)];
text(-xm,-ym-0.3,txt,'fontsize',6);
图三同号但不等量点电荷程序如下 clear; clc;
close all; E0=8.85e-12; c0=1/4/pi/E0; q1=1.6*10^(-19); q2=2*q1; a=1; xm=2.5;
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ym=2;
x=linspace(-xm,xm); y=linspace(-ym,ym); [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); R1=sqrt((X+1).^2+Y.^2); R2=sqrt((X-1).^2+Y.^2); U=c0*q1./R1+c0*q2./R2; u=1e-9:0.5e-9:5e-9; figure(1)
contour(X,Y,U,u) grid on
legend(num2str(u')) hold on
plot(-1,0,'o','markersize',12) plot(1,0,'o','markersize',12) axis equal tight
title('同号但不等量点电荷的电场线与等势线','fontsize',12)xlabel('r','fontsize',12) ylabel('E(u)','fontsize',12) txt=[num2str(a)];
text(-xm,-ym-0.3,txt,'fontsize',6);
图四电偶极子的电场线及等势线程序如下
clear;clf;
q=2e-6;k=9e9;a=2.0;b=0;x=-6:0.6:6;y=x; [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); rp=sqrt((X-a).^2+(Y-b).^2); rm=sqrt((X+a).^2+(Y+b).^2); V=q*k*(1./rp-1./rm); [Ex,Ey]=gradient(-V);
AE=sqrt(Ex.^2+Ey.^2);Ex=Ex./AE;Ey=Ey./AE; cv=linspace(min(min(V)),max(max(V)),51); contour(X,Y,V,cv,'r-') axis('square')
title('电偶极子的电场线与等势线 ','fontsize',12 ), hold on
quiver(X,Y,Ex,Ey,0.6,'g')
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