目 录
摘要................................................................ 1
Abstract ................................................................... II
1 绪论....................................................................... 1
1.1 概述................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 汽车离合器的发展......................................................................................... 2 1.3 汽车离合器存在的主要问题及故障分析..................................................... 3
1.3.1 离合器打滑....................................................................................................3 1.3.2 离合器异常问题.................................................................................. 4 1.3.3 离合器分离不彻底.............................................................................. 4 1.4 本论文的主要工作及结构体系安排............................................................. 5
2 膜片弹簧离合器总体设计........................................................................................ 7
2.1 离合器设计分析............................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 离合器设计所需车型主要数据 ................................. 7 2.1.2 离合器结构方案的分析 ........................................ 7 2.2 离合器主要参数的选择 .............................................. 9
2.2.1 后备系数? ................................................... 9 2.2.2 单位压力p0.................................................. 10 2.2.3 摩擦片外径D、内径d和厚度b .............................. 10 2.2.4 压盘工作压力F?、摩擦因数f和离合器间隙?t............... 11
3 离合器从动盘总成设计 ................................................... 13
3.1 从动片设计 ........................................................ 13
3.1.1 从动片选材及厚度设计....................................................................13 3.1.2 轴向弹性从动盘的结构选择.....................................................................14
3.2 从动盘毂设计.............................................................................................................14
3.2.1 从动盘毂花键的尺寸的选取 .................................. 14
3.2.2 花键强度校核................................................................................................15
3.3 摩擦片设计..................................................................................................................16 3.4 扭转减振器的设计....................................................................................................16
3.4.1 性能参数计算.....................................................................................17
3.4.2 减振弹簧计算.................................................................................................18
4 膜片弹簧设计 ............................................................ 21
4.1 膜片弹簧的概念及弹性特性..................................................................................21 4.2 膜片弹簧基本参数选择...........................................................................................22
4.2.1 H/h的选择..........................................................................................................22
4.2.2 R/r选择 ...................................................... 23 4.2.3 圆锥底角 .................................................... 23 4.2.4 切槽宽度 .................................................... 23 4.4.5 压盘加载点半径R1和支承环加载点半径r1的确定.............. 23 4.2.6 膜片弹簧小端半径
rf及分离轴承作用半径p .................. 23
r4.2.7 支承环作用半径L和膜片弹簧与压盘接触半径l .............. 23 4.3 膜片弹簧优化设计.................................................. 24 4.4 膜片弹簧的工作点位置确定及强度校核...........................................................25
4.4.1确定膜片弹簧的工作点位置.......................................................................25 4.4.2 膜片弹簧的应力计算与强度校核.............................. 26
5 压盘和离合器盖设计...................................................... 29
5.1 压盘设计.......................................................................................................................
5.1.1压盘几何尺寸的确定.................................................................................... 5.1.2 压盘温升的校核............................................................................................ 5.2 离合器盖设计..............................................................................................................
6 操纵机构、轴及轴承等设计 ............................................... 32
6.1 操纵机构 ........................................................... 32
6.1.1 离合器踏板行程计算 ......................................... 32 6.1.2踏板力的计算 ................................................ 33 6.2 从动轴的计算 ...................................................... 34
6.2.1选材.......................................................... 34 6.2.2确定轴的直径 ................................................ 34 6.3 分离轴承总成 ...................................................... 34
7 结论...................................................................... 35 致 谢 ....................................................................... 36 参考文献 ................................................................... 37
摘要
本论文主要叙述了离合器的设计计算，根据选定车型后用一系列参数对离合器进行匹配设计工作，包括离合器主动部分、从动部分和操纵机构三大部分。
此次设计的特点是利用膜片弹簧的非线性弹性特性，抛弃传统的推式膜片弹簧离合器，设计了新式的拉式膜片弹簧离合器。根据离合器的基本性能参数要求，完成了离合器主动部分的设计与校核工作，包括离合器盖总成的设计与校核，膜片弹簧工作点最佳位置的选取等。从动部分采用了带有扭转减震器的分开式从动盘等。操纵形式则是选用了优点较多的液压操纵机构。
通过设计，本拉式膜片弹簧离合器符合整车性能要求，可以为同类车型膜片弹簧离合器的设计提供参考。
关键词：离合器 拉式膜片弹簧 非线性弹性特性 液压操纵机构
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Abstract
This thesis mainly describes the clutch design and calculation, according to the selected models with a range of parameters matching the design of the clutch, including the active part of the clutch, the driven part and manipulate bodies of three parts.
The design is characterized by the use of the nonlinear elastic properties of the diaphragm spring, to abandon the traditional push-type diaphragm spring clutch,designed a new pull-type diaphragm spring clutch. According to the requirements of the basic performance parameters of the clutch, the clutch active part of the design and checking work, including the design of the clutch cover assembly and check the selection of the best position of the diaphragm spring operating point. The driven part with reversing the shock absorber separation of the driven plate. Manipulation of the form is optional hydraulic control mechanism of the advantages of more
By design, this pull-type diaphragm spring clutch to meet the vehicle performance requirements, provide a reference for the design of the diaphragm spring clutch of similar models.
Key words：Clutch Pull the diaphragm spring Nonlinear elastic characteristics
Hydraulic control mechanism
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