Unit 5 Wireless Communication
I. Reading Techniques for EST Derivative （派生词）
Microscope显微镜 词根：scope 词根的含义：look Monoraph 专著 词根：graph 词根的含义：written
II. Translation Techniques for EST Non-finite Verb （非限定动词）
1. 分词：包括现在分词和过去分词。通常分词作主语的定语，以半年采用逆序合译法，放在被修饰词之前。但是如果定语成分太长，则采用顺序分译法，译为单独的词组或分句。
The MEMS part, made by Analog Devices Inc. of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and other firms, is a tiny chunk of silicon suspended in a cavity. 由麻省威明顿市模拟设备公司与其他公司合作制造的MEMS部件是悬挂在凹处的一小块硅。
2. 动名词：应当根据动名词短语在句中充当的成分来确定翻译时它正在汉语中的位置。
Squeezing fullerenes and nanotubes is unlikly to be an inexpensive, practical synthetic route.
句中的动名词短语squeezing fullerenes and nanotubes作主语放在句首。译为：“靠挤压形成富勒烯和纳米碳管绝非一个经济实用的途径。”
3. 不定式：不定式在科技文章中用得很多。可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。应根据在句中的成分及上下文确定在汉语中的位置。
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.
译为：所选择的结构材料在环境中应当能够保持其弹性。
4. 分词独立结构。一般采用顺译法，放在句子的后面。
At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating b wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 句中分词独立结构代替同位语从句，作主句的同位语，采用顺译法，放在句子的后面。译为：当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散。
III. Text Analysis Your Next Computer 1. Warm-up Questions
a) Do you know anything abou the brief history of mobile phones?
b) Nowadays most college students have got a mobile phone. What do you think about this?
2. Language Points
a) ...that pops up on his small screen each morning…
pop up: to appear, sometimes unexpectedly eg: Click here, and a list of files will pop up.
b) …but at 32 he’s too old to indulge his hobby…
indulge: v. to let someone do or have sth. That someone enjoys, esp. sth. That is considered bad for someone
c) AT&T rolled out the first cellulalr network in 1977… roll out: to produce in large quantities
eg: The factory rolls out 300 boxes of its products every day.
3. Text Organization Part One: paras.1-3
Now peole spend countless/many hours using their mobile phone’s Internet connection to download, check or send messages. Part Two: paras. 4-5
There are 1.5 billion cell phones in the world today, more than three times the number of PCs. The emergence of mobile phone around the world has been slow but overwhelmingly momentous. Part Three: paras. 6-9
As our phones get smarter, smaller and faster and enable users to connect at high speed, it has, in one sense, already turned into the next computer. Part Four: paras. 10-12
The future mobile phones one day could actually perform many of the functions of PC, like word processing and Web browsing. Part Five: paras. 13-14
Our cell phones aren’t likely to take the fastest road to its bright future. Innovation in the mobiel industry is full of zigzags and wrong turns, but one day we’ll leave all PCs behind.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture; b) preview work for each lecture; c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 6 Computer Science
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Finding out context clues根据上下文的线索猜测词义 1. 释义线索
2. 近义词、反义词线索
Technology revolutions come in two flavors: jarringly fast and iimperceptibly slow. 文中的fast和slow互为反义词，根据句子结构，可判断出jarringly和imperceptibly也应互为反义词，jarringly意为“震动地，刺耳地”，imperceptibly意为“不易察觉地”。
3. 同位语线索
They have already gotten goats and mice to produce pieces of MSP-1, a protein displayed on the surface of the malaria parasite.
这句话中对专业词汇MSP-1的含义用同位短语来进行解释，通过理解同位语的意思可以猜测出MSP-1是一种蛋白质。译为：他们已经培育出山羊和老鼠以产生MSP-1的碎片，MSP-1是显示于疟疾寄生虫表面的一种蛋白质。
4. 举例线索：科技英语常用的引导用语： for example、for instance、such as、like、especially等。
II. Translation Techniques for EST Multiples 倍数的译法 1. 倍数增加的译法
英语中表示倍数增加的表达法有：1）表增加意义的词(by) n times + 或 by a factor of n; 2) n times + 表示增加意义的词的比较级
The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.
各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。
2. 倍数比较的译法
1）n times + larger than + 被比较对象，译为“其大小为…的n倍”，“比…大n-1倍”
This thermal power plant is four times larger than that one. 这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。
2）n times + as + 原级 + as + 被比较对象，译为“是… 的n倍”
Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminum. 铁的重量几乎是铝的三倍。 3）n times + that (或表比较方面的词) of + 被比较对象，译为“是…的n倍” This reservoir is four times the size of that one. 这个水库是那个水库的四倍。
3. 倍数减少的译法
1) 表减少意义的词（by）n times + 或 by a factor of n; 2) n times +表示减少意义的词的比较级
The automatic assembly line can shorten the assembling period (by) ten times.
自动装配线能够使装配期缩短十分之九。
III. Text Analysis Get Mean, Go Green 1. Warm-up Questions
a) What do you know about the computing power of today’s computers? b) What are the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?
2. Language Points
a) Businesses may not put much stock in recycling, but when it comes to computing power, …
put stock in sth: to have confidence or credence in sth. Eg: put much/little stock in sb./sth
b) …where existing technology would falter.
falter: v. to poerate or perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness eg: The automobile engine faltered.
c) …computing performance come at a steep price.
Come at a steep price: to be very expensive; to get with sth. unpleasant happening as a result
eg: Fame comes at a steep price.
3. Text Organization Part One: paras.1-2
Reversible computing is the key to unlocking the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms.
Part Two: paras. 3-9
Reasons why computing architectural changes are inevitable. Part Three: paras. 10-13
When reversible computing will be largely adopted depends on their applications. Part Four: paras. 14-17
How reversible computing works. Part Five: para. 18
Conclusion: It’s time to investigate reversible computing further.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture; b) preview work for each lecture; c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 7 Internet
I. Reading Techniques for EST Post-attributive （后置定语） 1. 介词短语作后置定语
1) of 表示所属关系，意为“…的”
2）for表示“供…之用的，对…来说的”
3）with表示特征，意为“具有…的，用…的”
2. 分词作后置定语
现在分词和过去分词在句中置于名词后，通常作定语，修饰先行词，仍保持较强的动词含义。
Cryptography also enables Bob to check that the message sent by Alice was not modified by Eve and that the message he receives was really sent by Alice. 密码学知识可以帮助鲍勃核查由爱丽丝发出的信息未经夏娃修改，并且他所获取的信息确实由爱丽丝发出。
3. 形容词及形容词短语作后置定语
A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’ expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him.
博弈者可以通过恐吓和承诺来改变其他博弈者对他的未来策略预期，从而促使其他博弈者采取对其有利的行为或阻止其他博弈者的破坏性行为。
4. 副词作后置定语
The air outside pressed the side in. 外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
II. Translation Techniques for EST Attributive Clause 1. 逆序合译法
In 1952，scientists working with frogs transferred nulei into unfertilized eggs whose own nuclei had been removed. 1952年，科学家们用青蛙做实验，把细胞核移植入已除去细胞核的未受精卵中。
2. 顺序分译法
A doctor cell is fused to the egg b pulses of electricity, which break down the donor cell’s outer membrane and allow the egg to envelope its new nucleus. 供体细胞由电脉冲注入到卵子中。电脉冲刺破供体细胞的外层薄膜，使得卵子能拿包住其新核。
II. Text Analysis We Know Where You Are 1. Warm-up Questions
a) Are you aware of locaiton technologies? If yes, please give your partner a general introduction of these technologies?
b) What do you know about E911? 2. Language Points
a) With conventional 911, the caller’s location must be provided by the caller… conventional: a. following what has been customary eg: His opinion are rather narrow and conventional.
b) …country’s valid street addresses.
Valid: a. effective because made or done with correct formalities
Eg: The tourists are prevented from entering a country if they do no have a valid passports.
c) …the dispatcher can send help to a caller’s location even if the caller is incapacitated.
incapacitated: a. incapable of doing things
Eg: An 82-year-old man suffered a series of heart attacks that left him incapacitated, and other medical problems soon developed.
3. Text Organization Part One: para.1
In the future, location-aware networking will present great opportunities for users and improve the security and effectiveness of Wi-Fi networks. Part Two: paras. 2-11
It summarizes the demand for location-aware technology due to wider application of VoIP and VoIP over Wi-Fi and E911 legislation and present deployment situation in the U. S..
Part Three: paras. 12-16
It compares different location-aware technologies and summarizes the approaches for Wi-Fi vendors, which are through – current access points, triangulation and RF fingerprinting.
Part Four: paras. 17-22
Location-aware presence will improve Wi-Fi security in a number of ways.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture; b) preview work for each lecture; c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises