《大学英语4 》
复习自整理
2017年6月20日
柏映羽
版权所有，请勿翻印
第一单元 MAN AND NATURE 一．TEXTA（P4-7） 课文翻译：
人在自然界 亚历山大?斯伯金
1 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
2 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化、社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境下，也改变了他所生活环境的地貌和气候，并使动植物因之而发生转变。
3 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是指人类在那些地方建立了家园，那些地方的土地得以耕耘，那里的森林已被砍伐。 4 然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处以及如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。
5 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为严重。人类和社会的需求，即便是像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。
6 现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万种人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。
7 久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？
8 人与大自然的关系—— 生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。
9 但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！
二．选词填空（P19-20）
第一小题（P19） 1) If you had had a spark of consideration for your family, you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks.
2) Due to the lack of an adequate labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines.
3) We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild.
4) The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands.
5) People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.
6) The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency.
7) Under severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from the front.
8) When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison.
9) He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle .
10) Survival of the Fittest is a(n) eternal truth of nature.
11) His heart sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk.
12) The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government.
13) In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation.
14) Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust.
15) With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged.
16) The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life.
17) Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment.
18) It is reported that large quantities of beer are consumed, with almost 7 million liters served during the 16-day beer festival in Germany this year. 19) On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree.
第二小题（P20） 1) Shortly after the government's new policy was put into effect, the economy of our country began to show signs of recovery.
2) We knew well what difficulties we had to cope with in bringing our work to a successful conclusion.
3) She lived in fear of getting injured and never participated in any violent sports games.
4) It looks like this snow will stop the food supplies and we shall be hungry for a time, but we've no choice but to tough it out.
5) Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings, which has worsened our living environment.
6) In order to avoid possible infection by the unknown viruses, researchers are protected from head to foot with caps, face masks and white gowns.
7) Despite the warm weather the explorers searched out some snow on the northern slope and boiled it for drinking water.
8) Starting bare-handed, you have built up so many steel plants. This is nothing short of miraculous!
9) As yet we haven't felt the need for any extra hands, but it's only a matter of time.
10) While one cannot choose one's birthplace, one can certainly decide, based on what one has experienced, the best place to settle in.
11) Parents who spend time and money teaching their children music,take heart — a new Canadian study shows young children who take music lessons have better memories than their nonmusical peers.
第三部分翻译
第一小题（P23） 1) The war went on for years, killing thousands upon thousands of people (夺去了成千上万人的生命).
2) The farmers used a new insecticide(杀虫剂), thus raising the average yield by 15 percent (将平均产量提高了15%).
3) Einstein watched the toy in delight, trying to deduce its operating principle (想推导出它的运转原理).
4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book (看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.
5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time (好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.
6) The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. (留下了未完成的项目).
7) Turning to the right (向右转弯), you will find a path leading to his cottage. 8) Not wanting to make the patient nervous (不想使病人紧张), the doctor did not explain the seriousness of his illness.
第二小题（P25） 1) 这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。(live in fear of)
The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.