[年产十万吨二甲醚装置分离精馏工段的工艺设计]
目录
摘要 .................................................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... 3 1绪论 ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1概述 .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.1设计依据 ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 设计规模及设计要求 .................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3产品规格、性质及用途 ................................................................................................................. 4
㈠ 产品规格 .................................................................................................................................... 4 ㈡二甲醚性质 .................................................................................................................................. 4 ㈢ 二甲醚的用途 ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.1.4国内外各种工艺技术综述和比较 ................................................................................................. 7
㈠二甲醚工艺的国内外现状 .......................................................................................................... 7 ㈡技术分类及本设计采用方法 ...................................................................................................... 8 ㈢二甲醚分离过程设计 ................................................................................................................ 10
2精馏塔工艺设计 ........................................................................................... 12
2.1精馏塔物料衡算 .............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.1 基础数据 ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2物料衡算 ....................................................................................................................................... 12
㈠物料衡算组织简图 .................................................................................................................... 12 ㈡ 质量分数转换为摩尔分数 ...................................................................................................... 12 ㈡ 质量分数转换为摩尔分数 ...................................................................................................... 13 ㈢清晰分割 .................................................................................................................................... 13 ㈣ 精馏工段工序物料衡算表 ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2精馏工段工艺计算 .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1物料衡算(见2.1.2) .................................................................................................................. 16 2.2.2操作条件的确定 ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.3精馏塔设备计算 .............................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.1基础数据 ....................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2塔板数的确定 ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.3精馏塔主要尺寸计算 ................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.4塔板结构设计 ............................................................................................................................... 26 2.4浮阀塔提溜段与精馏段设计参数汇总 .......................................................................................... 28
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[年产十万吨二甲醚装置分离精馏工段的工艺设计]
年产十万吨二甲醚装置分离精馏工段的工艺设计
摘要
近年来,二甲醚成为国际石油替代途径与新型二次能源的热点课题,引起各国关注与重视。
二甲醚的制备主要有甲醇脱水法和合成气一步法两种。与传统的甲醇合成二甲醚相比,一步法合成二甲醚工艺经济更加合理,在市场更具有竞争力,正在走向工业化。目前,制取二甲醚的最新技术是从合成气直接制取,相比较甲醇脱水制二甲醚而言,一步法合成二甲醚因为体系存在有未反应完成的合成气以及二氧化碳,要得到纯度较高的二甲醚,分离过程比较复杂。开发中的分离工艺主要采用吸收和精馏等化工单元操作过程得到纯度较高的二甲醚产品。本设计主要针对分离中的精馏工序进行工艺设计,分离二甲醚 、甲醇和水三元体系。精馏塔采用浮法塔,塔顶冷凝器装置采用全凝器,用来准确控制回流比;塔底采用水蒸汽加热,以提供足够的热量。通过计算得出理论塔板数,塔效率,筛孔数。通过筛板的流体力学验算,证明各指标数据均符合标准。以保证精馏过程的顺利进行并使效率尽可能的提高。
关键词: 二甲醚 分离 三元体系 精馏
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[年产十万吨二甲醚装置分离精馏工段的工艺设计]
Annual output of 10,000 tons of dimethyl ether distillation
Section in the design of sepration device
ABSTRACT
In recent years, DME has become an alternative channel of international oil and new secondary energy and hot topics, That aroused national concern and attention.
Preparation of dimethyl ether mainly methanol dchydration and One-step synethesis. With the tradional methanol synethesis compared to synethesis of dimethyl ether,one-step synethesis of dimethyl ether process more rational economy, more competive in the market and it is moving towards industrialiazation. Curently , synethesis gas to dimethyl ether is the latest technology preparation of dimethyl ether. Compared with methanol dchydration , system of direct synthesis of DME as the existence of unreacted synthesis gas and carbon dioxide finished.If it want to get high purity dimethyl ether, more complicated separation process. Developed mainly in the separation process such as chemical absorption and distillation unit operation in the process of dimethylethyl ether with higher purity product.This design aimed at separating the distillation process for process design. Separation of DME , methanol and water ternary system. Design of distillation towers used valve. Use the whole top of the tower condenser cooling device used to provide sufficient heat.Obtained by calculating the number of theoretical plate design and calculation of process dimensions derived column diametet, the effective tower, sieve number. Checking through the sieve of fluid mechanics, to prove that the indicator data are in line with standards to ensure the smooth progress of distillation process and to improve efficiency as much as possible.
Keywords:DME separate ternary system distillation
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[年产十万吨二甲醚装置分离精馏工段的工艺设计]
1绪论
1.1概述 1.1.1设计依据
根据荆楚理工学院化工与药学院下达的设计任务书,模拟现有的浆态床一步法(即合成气一步法)二甲醚合成产业化技术,对二甲醚分离装置中的精馏工段进行设计。
1.1.2 设计规模及设计要求
①设计规模: 年产10.0万吨二甲醚分离装置(合成气一步法),设计该分离装置中精馏工段工艺精馏,精馏装置采用浮阀塔。一年按330个工作日,每个工作日按24小时计算; ②产品要求:二甲醚≥99%;
③二甲醚各分离过程中的组成如下:(表中数据均为质量分数) 组成 H2 惰性气体 CO CO2 CH4 DME CH3OH H2O 反应后入冷凝器的气体 0.1797 0.0059 0.0929 0.1101 0.1711 0.1526 0.0217 0.2660 吸收塔入口 精馏塔进料 精馏塔塔顶 0.2870 0.0094 0.1483 0.1709 0.2730 0.1097 0.0004 0.0013 0 0 0 0 0 0.0309 0.0043 0.9618 0 0 0 0 0 0.999 0.001 0 精馏塔塔底 0 0 0 0 0 8.14×10 0.007819 0.9921 -51.1.3产品规格、性质及用途
㈠ 产品规格:二甲醚≥99%(质量含量) ㈡二甲醚性质
物理性质:二甲醚亦称甲醚,英文dimethylether,英文缩写DME,化学分子式(CH30CH3 ),
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[年产十万吨二甲醚装置分离精馏工段的工艺设计]
分子量为46.07,是重要的甲醇衍生物,沸点-24℃,凝固点-140℃。二甲醚是一种含氧有机物,溶于水,在大气中可以降解,属于环境友好型物质。二甲醚在常温下是一种无色气体,具有轻微的醚香味。二甲醚无腐蚀性、无毒、在空气中长期暴露不会形成过氧化物,燃烧时火焰略带光亮。
二甲醚的危险特性:二甲醚为易燃气体。与空气混合能形成爆炸性混合物。接触热、火星、火焰或氧化剂易燃烧爆炸。接触空气或在光照条件下可生成具有潜在爆炸危险性的过氧化物。
气体比空气重,能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方,遇明火会引着回燃。若遇高热,容器内压增大,有开裂合爆炸的危险。
二甲醚的毒性:二甲醚为弱麻醉剂,对呼吸道有轻微的刺激作用,长期接触皮肤发红、水肿、生疱。浓度为7.5%(体积)时,吸入12分钟后仅自感不适。浓度到8.2%(体积)时,经21分钟引起供给失调,产生视觉障碍,30分钟后轻度麻醉,血液流向头部,浓度为14%(体积)时,经23分钟引起运动工济失调及麻醉,经26分钟失去知觉,皮肤接触甲醚时易冻伤。空气中允许浓度为400ppm。二甲醚的物理性质见表1-1
㈢ 二甲醚的用途: 替代氯氟烃做气雾剂
随着世界各国的环保意识日益增强,以前作为气溶工业中气雾剂正逐步被其它无物质所替代。 ⑴ 用作制冷剂和发泡剂
由于DME的沸点较低,汽化热较大,汽化效果好,其冷凝和蒸发特性接近氟氯烃,因此DME作制冷剂非常有前途。国内外正在积极开发它在冰箱、空调、食品保鲜剂等方面的应用,以代替氟氯烃,尤其是氟利昂。关于DME作发泡剂,国外已相继开发出利用DME作聚苯乙烯、聚氨基甲酸乙酯、热塑聚酯泡沫的发泡剂,发泡后的产品,孔的大小均匀,柔韧性、耐压性、抗裂性等都有所强调。 ⑵ DME用作燃料
由于DME具有液化石油气相似的蒸汽压,在低压下DME变为液体,在常温、常
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