的差异可能与儿童倾向于通过接触者检查发现,以及农民的卫生服务可及性相对较差有关。多菌型患者和(或)发生可见畸残患者通过自报方式发现比例较高主要是由于广泛的皮损及可见的畸残更加容易被觉察。然而,有趣的是少菌型患者、无神经损害的患者或可见畸残的患者分别有38%、45%和39.4%通过皮肤科门诊发现。
从本调查的结果可见,80年代以来我国麻风病例发现的方式已经发生了明显的改变。通过这些方式,每年可发现1800例左右患者。然而,最近几年开展的麻风消除运动已经表明,麻风的实际病例数明显高于发现的患者数,提示目前的病例发现方式在病例发现上尚缺乏敏感性,特别在麻风流行地区。
志谢 28个省(市、自治区)的麻风病防治机构参与了本调查的资料收集工作。
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(收稿日期:2000-02-24)
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