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dreadful(可怕的;恐惧的)a dreadful disaster可怕的灾难 [巧记]把dread中间的r看成一个
人。dead是死亡。被死亡包围感觉当然是可怕的,恐惧的。
frenzied (狂热的) a frenzied attack 疯狂的进攻
overbid /出高价现象
real-estate broker 房地产经纪人
silver lining ([不幸中的] 希望,慰藉) every cloud has a silver lining乌云背后总有一线光芒
bubble (泡沫,起泡;洋溢,充满) He blows bubbles with soap water. 他用肥皂水吹泡泡 She was bubbing with confidence. 她充满信心
swing (摇摆) let it have its swing 听其自然 The ape swung along from branch to branch.那只猿猴从一根树枝荡到另一根树枝。
ingredient (成分,因素) Mix all the ingredients together in a large saucepan. 把所有的配料放在大平底锅里 Mental illnesss and detachment from society are the in gradients of suicide. 精神病和脱离社会是自杀的因素
sustained (持续不变的,相同的) make a sustained effort to practise economy 持久地厉行节约[记]sustain (支撑,维持)
boom (繁荣, 隆隆声v.发隆隆声, 兴隆, 大事宣传繁荣) baby boom (尤指二战后1947~1961年间美国的)生育高峰 stocks may boom today but drop tomorrow. 股票可能今天暴涨明天下跌
upside(上下倒置,形容巨大变化)We see an upside in his behavior.他与以前判若两人.
难句分析: ①Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.
该句是一个并列句,and后面的分句比较复杂,主干为many say…,后接的宾语从句中主干为they remain optimistic about…,even as引导让步状语从句
消费者看起来略显忧虑,并没有惊慌失措。许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带,但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的。 ②Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.
该句的主干是Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,之后which引导一个定语从句,修饰stock-market swings.
许多消费者似乎一直受股票市场波动的影响,投资者把这种波动视为持续繁荣的必要因素。
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③When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either.
▲第一个句子是一个主从复合句,开始是when引导的一个从句,后面是主句。第二个句子和第一个句子以but分开,表明二者之间是转折关系。
△注意句中的用词:When it comes to ...,表示这是故事的开始;第一句的词组bite one‘snails(束手无策)和第二股的nails(指甲)相呼应,是一种文字游戏。 ④I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.
▲本句的主干是I provide a service …其中service后面的that 引导的一个定语从句,而定语从句中又包含when引导的一个时间状语从句。
△注意do without 的意思是―免除,不用‖; concerned about 的意思是―关心,关注‖。
答案解析:
本文属于对比性的文章,中心议题是关于美国经济下滑给不同的人所带来的后果。作者在第1、2自然段阐述经济下滑给Ellen Spero和Alan Greenspan的工人所带来的后果,接着使用了对比的写作方法在第3、4自然段阐述了公众对经济前景持有的乐观态度以及有些人在经济的下滑中可以在某些方面获得利益。
51. [D] 难度0.500
题干问:―在第1段第1行作者说?Ellen Spero isn‘t biting her nails just yet‘其含义为 ……‖。题干中短语的位置出现在原文第一段。而之后紧跟的But表明了第一句和第二句的转折关系。因此由But后所提到的Spero对业务量减少表示担忧可以推断出,转折前的意思应该是她认为情况不算太糟。此外,该表达与第三段的―not in despair‖构成了照应关系,根据篇章的一致性,选项[D]―Spero尚未陷入绝境‖与上文构成了较佳的衔接关系。 选项[A]意为―Spero几乎无法维持生意‖。这个由前面的解释可知其与原文恰恰相反。Spero应该是还可以维持才对。
选项[B]意为―Spero太忙碌于其工作‖。这个是纯粹的主观臆断了,认为其忙的连啃指甲的时间都没有了….相信对原文稍有了解的人不会选择该选项的。
选项[C]意为―Spero已经摆脱了坏习惯‖。这是该表达字面化的含义,表面上看好像是不再啃指甲了,但是很明显作者不可能在一篇谈论经济的文章中讨论如此肤浅的东西。因此这种表达往往都是一种暗喻,用来比喻其他的问题。
52. [A] 难度0.664
题干问:―公众对现在经济情况的感觉如何?‖ 解题的思路与第51一致,可以从第51的角度思考。定位到原文第二段中Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening。其中明显可看出optimistic这个词。也就是说大多人说他们还是保持乐观的。联系选项[A]―乐观的‖符合题意。
选项[C]意为―无忧无虑的‖。文章中只是提到了乐观这个词,而乐观和无忧无虑还是有较大区别的,更何况文章还提到了人们还是有些许的关注的。因此不能入选。 选项[B]―迷惑的‖与[D]―惊慌失措的‖都显然不符合整篇文章的论点。
53. [B] 难度0.209
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此题难度较大。题干问:―当作者提到?the $4 million to $10 million range‘,其正在谈论的
是 ……‖。本题可以从以下两方面考虑。首先,可以从第三段的话题(地产)判断。其次,根据篇章的一致性,文章反复以―real estate‖的谈论为重要话题。从上下文就可以判断出,作者是在讨论房价的问题。因此根据这些分析,选项[B]―地产‖与原文信息是吻合的。 选项[A]意为―黄金市场‖,这个选项显然是针对第三段的there's a new gold rush设定的。而请注意gold rush只是个笼统的比喻手法,形容人们争先恐后投资,而不是只针对黄金市场。
选项[C]意为―股票交易‖,选择该选项的估计是看到了Wall Street bonuses这个词,因此联想到了股票市场。但是事实上原文并没有讲股票的事情,而是房地产的问题。
选项[D]意为―风险投资‖,这个词过于笼统,股票,房地产之类的都是风险投资,而文章重点说的是房地产问题,更何况还有B这个最佳选项,因此不能入选。
54. [A] 难度0.445 区分度.0.409
题干问:―为什么许多人看到了经济下滑中的?一线希望‘?‖本题可以从以下两方面考虑。首先,可以从第四段的话题判断。该段最后写到不少人,包括购房者等,都在showdown中得到了些好处。其次,\本身的意思就是―黑暗中的一线光明‖,这个修辞手法经常在某些报文里引用的。根据这些分析,选项[A]―他们可以在某些方面受益‖与原文信息是吻合的。
选项[B]意为―股票市场显示出某些复苏的迹象‖,这个原文中在末段的第四句话只是提到了股票市场的变化不定,时好时坏(swings),而没有说其开始复苏。
选项[C]意为―这种下滑往往出现在繁荣之前‖,同样是出现在第四句有boom这个词,但是文章的意思是有些投资者认为股票市场的变动是持续繁荣的必然成分,这并不代表着下滑只会出现在繁荣前,其也可以出现在繁荣后。
选项[D]意为―购买力肯定会被提高‖。这个在原文并未提到,原文只是说现在有可能在曼哈顿新开的火爆的阿兰·杜卡斯饭店吃上一桌,而这只是一种可能,更何况这只是极少人能做到的事,并不代表整个购买力的提高。
55. [C] 难度0.429 区分度.0.378
题干问:―作者可能会认同于下面哪项?‖ 本题可以从以下两方面考虑。首先,通过作者整篇文章的情态来考虑。其次,从作者反复强调的重点信息来考虑,―不要惊慌‖。由前面几道题也可看出,作者强调事情并没有那么糟,要保持乐观,要看到silver lings。因此选项[C]―只需谨慎,不必惊慌‖表达了这一含义。
选项[A]意为―崭新的繁荣就在地平线‖,这个有些过于夸张了,作者只是让大家不要过于担心,经济下滑的后果没有那么严重,而并没有反过来浮夸的说什么新的繁之类的东西。作者还是很实事求是的。
选项[B]意为―节俭是唯一的办法‖,这个又是个绝对化选项,一般带有绝对,唯一,只,仅仅之类的绝对化用词,往往都不是正确答案。更何况这个选项表现的过于消极,与作者的积极态度相违背。
选项[D]意为―投资越多,机会越多‖,这个从常理角度是正确的,的确没有付出就没有回报。但是请注意,作者只是号召大家不要过于担心,不要惊慌,而没有去号召大家进行风险投资。因此联系原文,该选项排除。 译文:
经济发展速度开始减慢时,艾琳·斯派罗还不至于咬手指。但是,这位四十七岁的指甲修饰师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。她的大多数顾客每周花费十二至五十美
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元,可上周两位长期客户突然不来了。斯派罗抱怨起疲软的经济。她说:―我是个准确的经
济晴雨表。我提供的服务在当人们想攒钱时就变成可有可无。‖因此斯派罗相应地节约起开支,买东西就在克利夫兰郊区的她家附近的中档迪拉德百货公司,而不再去内曼·玛科斯。她说―我不知道其他顾客会不会也不再光顾我。‖
即使在格林斯潘还未承认美国过热的经济正在冷却的时候,许许多多的劳动者已经看出经济渐缓的迹象。由于购物者节约他们的支出,从汽车代理商到Gap名牌零售折扣店,数月以来销售一直滞缓。去年在感恩节和圣诞节之间零售商的销售收入是全年的百分之二十四。对于他们来讲,在关键时期该谨慎行事了。专家言之有据,较之去年假日销售速度已经减缓了百分之七。不过,目前还不必敲什么警钟。消费者看起来略显忧虑,并没有惊慌失措。许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带,但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的。 新闻标题虽然够吓人的,消费者依旧对自己的财产状况感觉相当良好,因此他们说他们并不悲观绝望。在大多数地区房屋价格保持稳定。经纪人巴巴拉·考克兰说,在曼哈顿―出现了四百万至一千万美元之间的淘金热,资金来源以华尔街股票红利为主。‖在旧金山,高价抢购现象虽然销声匿迹了,可价格依旧看涨。海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰·梯尔迪说:―已经卖出20到30套,剩下的可能只有两三套了。‖而大多数人对能够找到并保有一件工作依旧觉得很随心。
许多人对于经济减速抱有乐观的希望。潜在的房产购买者会对利率下调欢天喜地。雇主们对就业市场少了些泡沫也并不在意。许多消费者似乎一直受股票市场波动的影响,投资者把这种波动视为持续繁荣的必要因素。就餐者可能也看到了有利的方面。在曼哈顿新开的火爆的阿兰·杜卡斯饭店吃上一桌曾经是不可能的,现在不了。这真值得格林斯潘和他的同事们庆祝。
2004 Text 4 Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education — not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.
\says education writer Diane Ravitch. \Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, \less civil society.\
\Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of
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elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble
qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: \are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.\Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized — going to school and learning to read — so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who \intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.\56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? [A] The habit of thinking independently. [B] Profound knowledge of the world. [C] Practical abilities for future career. [D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________. [A] undervaluing intellect [B] favoring intellectualism [C] supporting school reform [D] suppressing native intelligence
58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________. [A] identical [B] similar [C] complementary [D] opposite
59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________. [A] a pioneer of education reform